Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. All rights reserved. Many veterans and other citizens struggled to understand Germanys defeat and the uncertain future. By the early twentieth century, events in one place could have widespread political, economic, and cultural consequences. How consistent was this vision to Cuba in reality? All rights reserved. To what extent was authoritarian control achieved in two 20th-century states? Conditions in China before 1911 Until the 19th century, China was a very conservative nation. Under the pressure of unending carnage, governments toppled and great empires dissolved. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. (May 10 TZ1), Assess the importance of economic distress and ideological appeal in the rise to power of one left-wing and one right-wing single-party ruler. Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. Summarise Castro's rise to power in terms of: - conditions faced; mistakes + weaknesses of others, Compare and contrast the role of propaganda in the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from different regions. How were the Italian, German, Japanese, and Soviet authoritarian efforts in the 1920s and 1930s similar? The fighting in northern Italy had shaped the Fascist movement in four ways: By 1922, with these experiences behind them, Mussolini and his followers liked their chances of taking over Italy. The Fascists soon followed up with assaults throughout the region. The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. The fighting nourished the Fascists belief in violence as the true path to manhood. Many political parties had their own paramilitary units to attack opponents and intimidate voters. He used authoritarian tactics to solidify communist control of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, Mussolini brought discipline to the party and aligned it more uniformly with the aims of the state. With reference to Castro (Cuba) or Nasser (Egypt), to what extent did the use of force contribute tomaintenance of power? NARRATOR: Crime was on the rise. 100. Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. But on the whole, these tendencies have been much less marked among democracies compared to autocracies. In recent months Beijing has tried to burnish its relationship with Europe, welcoming a string of European leaders to China. Of the many fascist states that emerged between the two world wars, Hitler's Germany was the most notoriousbut Mussolini's Italy was the first. To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party leader contribute to the rise to power of that leader? Paper Two essays will expect students to analyse one or two authoritarian states on a topic inked to one of the themes on the prescribed content. The emperor Italian fascism emerged in the economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social . Taking advantage of new modes and media that emerged in the early twentieth century, these . Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system; Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force . In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws. German authorities sent thousands, including leftist members of Parliament, to newly established concentration camps. This document contains: The emergence of authoritarian states: Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: Economic factors. The ISW said while this tactic may be useful for maintaining authoritarian rule in the Kremlin, it is "disruptive" to efforts to command the military and results in "the return of formerly demoted . - DEPENDANT GERMANY Italy became increasingly more dependant on Nazi Germany --> Germany supported when League of Nations tried to oppose their aggression 85-86 - What challenges did he face in 1959 and how did he overcome them in the years that followed? Namely, that certain groups, especially Jews, could not assimilate and would have to be removed entirely so the nation could thrive. Angry, aggrieved citizens are not a solid foundation for regime durability. Despite the cutting-edge manipulative tactics and tricks of many authoritarian regimes, they are not immune from what is perhaps the central political imperative of this century: the steadily rising demands of citizens almost everywhere for capable, effective governance. EU leaders are expected to discuss China policy in June after a recent trip by Emmanuel Macron exposed differences in approach towards handling Xi Jinpings authoritarian rule. The major conditions that led to an authoritarian state were treaties that were signed in the 20 th century. 95 - Outline why the Rectification Campaign of 1986 was launched, and what were the results'. One example is the Holocaust during the Second World War. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. (modern). There are still "meaningful democratic institutions" (Levitsky and Way 2010a, 20) within these erstwhile authoritarian regimes.8 What One-party rule seemed beyond their grasp. First and foremost is a penchant for feeble rather than decisive leadership. How successful was it? In fact, the German military had quietly sought an end to the war it could no longer win in 1918. What distinguished Italian Fascism from Nazisms biological view of race? Direct link to Faviel Rapalo's post this was cool. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Last August, he sparked outrage by suggesting Taiwanese people would need to be re-educated following a Chinese takeover of the self-ruled island, while during the Covid pandemic he suggested France was abandoning old people in nursing homes. Troops left the bloody battlefields and returned to a bewildering society. 93-4 - Outline the relationship between Cuba + the USSR over the 1960s. The author argues that Italian Fascism never gained the level of totalitarian control the Nazis had in Germany. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. More than fifty million people from around the world visited the Universal Expositiona worlds fair intended to promote greater understanding and tolerance among nations, and to celebrate the new century, new inventions, exciting progress. - DAMAGEdamages relationship with France and Britain By 1938, the Nazis were physically expelling some Jews and debating massive resettlement plans. Russia/USSR - Lenin ItalyMussolini GermanyHitler USSRStalin ChinaMao Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria, in China. Stalin and his supporters identified their enemies in political and social ways. Authoritarian regimes are systems of government that have no established mechanism for the transfer of executive power and do not afford their citizens civil liberties or political rights. These problems range from refusals to recognize the severity of the problem to the suppression of valuable domestic voices or sources of information, disorganized policy responses, and unwillingness to maintain the lockdown measures that would safeguard their populations. Compare and contrast the importance of propaganda to the emergence of two authoritarian states. 83 - How did Castro deal with Lanz + Urrutria, and how did this reflect on him as leader? Japan already had some colonies, including Korea, but many military and business leaders argued that Japan deserved to rule most of Asia. On top of these governance factors, the economic devastation that most authoritarian countries are facing will further add to citizens anger and restlessness and reduce the financial tools besieged leaders often use to buy off key discontented sectors. We are not satisfied.. Examine the impact of the foreign policy of two authoritarian states on the maintenance of power in those states. Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels planned to win over those who were still unconvinced. Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933, NARRATOR: The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. Separately, Chinas envoy to the EU, Fu Cong, said in an interview published on Monday that Beijings cooperation with Europe and other nations was endless, just as its ties with Russia were unlimited. (goal: increase acceptance of fascist ideology {many ignored indoctrination aspects}), 3.) Will the Invasion of Ukraine Change Russia-Africa Relations? In what ways did Mussolini pursue an aggressive foreign policy? China downgraded diplomatic ties with Lithuania and pressured multinationals to sever links with it in December 2021 after the Baltic nation, which has long favoured a hard EU line on Beijing, allowed Taiwan to open a de facto embassy in Vilnius. (3) How did Castro's domestic policies affect Cuba? Germanys territory was reduced by 13%. Discuss with reference to two authoritarian leaders. A good government without propaganda is not more possible than good propaganda without a good government. (May 08 TZ2), Analyse the rise to power of either Hitler or Lenin. Colonial aggression also contributed to the rise of Italian racism. Finally, the outcome of the campaign affirmed the Fascist view that, at the end of the day, violent struggle led to power. At home, meanwhile, the Japanese government increasingly pushed down any opposition to their war effort. So was the number of parties and splinter groups vying for votes. In this way, militarism and imperialism broadened Fascism's appeal. Hitler spoke to the SA, his army of storm troopers. World history topic 10: Authoritarian states (20th century) This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. These youth groups fostered a cult of violent masculinity, expected girls to aspire only to traditional maternal roles, and promoted the authoritarian belief of blind loyalty to the nation. 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam niversitesi . The democratic elections of Weimar Germany were idealistic, as they allowed representation of a wide cross-section of society in the Government. The democratic nature of the Weimar Republic paradoxically led directly to the creation of Nazi authoritarian state, as it created an environment of expression and new ideas in which Nazism flourished. During this time, about one-third of the Communist Party's three million members were killed. As the coronavirus has spread, many political observers have warned that it is bolstering authoritarianism globally. To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one . A third phrase promoting the "chosen leader" view in the contemporary political context is perhaps the most dangerous, and that is the idea of an "end-time judge" who declares what is good . The president of Burundi assured his citizens that divine protection would suffice against the virus, while Venezuelas president trafficked in farfetched conspiracy theories and promoted on social media the use of herbal concoctions to treat the virus. -Political instability. How long, and how many casualties did it take for the Fascists to defeat the Socialists? The de-regulation of financial capital threatens to bring us back to capitalist authoritarianism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. Photo of Mussolini and Hitler standing next to each other, each dressed in their military uniforms. Cameroons President Paul Biya vanished in March for over two months, while in Nicaragua, President Daniel Ortega has ducked from public view for extended periods twice, including once for more than a month. Japan still had a problem of too few natural resources, and they needed minerals, timber, and oil from abroad. In someincluding Algeria, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Sudanprotests have driven leaders out of power. Beijing on Monday sought to defuse the row. Authoritarian states (20th century) Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the So while Jewish people had little to do with Ethiopia, they were affected by that policy. economic factors'. He was offered a deal just as the Nazis started to lose votes. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. mussolini created a dictarship in italy when he was given the position as prime minister, Course: World History Project - 1750 to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. With a lack of guidance from the top, disorder among the governors ensued, as some officials adopted measures the Kremlin criticized as excessive and others took measures that were deemed insufficient. Public domain. 2. But the Nazis never received more than 38% of the vote in a free national election. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. Check your email for details on your request. Sexual norms were in flux. They reached out to the Nazis to help build a majority in Parliament. It became known as the war to end all wars. It cast an immense shadow on tens of millions of people. 81-82 - What events and influences caused him to adopt an increasingly Communist position? Green Politics Could Have an Outsized Impact on Trkiyes Elections, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. One month later, when arson gutted the German parliament building, Hitler and his nationalist coalition partners seized their chance. 4.5/5. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. (May 05), Compare and contrast the repressive policies of Hitler and Stalin. 96. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his National Socialist Party, Hitler and his followers rejoined the battle in the streets and in the countryside. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. The French president caused anger and alarm when he said Europe needed to avoid getting drawn into a US-China conflict over crises that are not ours, namely the status of Taiwan. Evaluate the treatment of religious groups and minorities in two authoritarian states, each chosen from a different region. Economic Crisis. Analyse themethods used to eliminate opposition by two single-party rulers, each chosen from a different region. In Eritrea, President Isaias Afwerki did not speak to the country from mid-February through mid-April. Effective national public health responses to the pandemic require not just clear, consistent mandates from the top, but integrated approaches in which regional and local authorities can take initiative, adapt responses to local conditions, and report critical information up the line.
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