A) chromosphere. apparent brightness against distance for stars near to the Sun. Sunspots are dark, planet-size regions of strong magnetic fields on the surface of the sun. Which of the following statements about neutrinos is not true? E) The sunspot cycle is the cause of global warming. C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. What would happen to the core of the sun if its temperature rose slightly? B) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and sinking of cooler plasma. As the cycle ends, it . C) The Sun's entire magnetic field flip-flops at the end of each cycle (at solar minimum). Air consists of? 1,000 km (621 mi) above the Earth's surface. Briefly explain how the Sun became hot enough for nuclear fusion. A Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. We observe the Sun to exhibit a sunspot cycle over a period of 22 years, tied directly to its magnetic activity. C) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and the sinking of cooler plasma. *b. Which of the following statements about sunspots is NOT true? B) Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the Sun's surface.C) Sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than Earth. gases in the radiation zone. D. They are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. c. D none of the above Advertisement vblitesgkohrrssuovt B I think but not sure On its way to Earth, solar winds first encounter, The dominant wavelength emitted by Earth is. composition, temperature, and function. They gradually shrink to the size of the Earth. a disk-shaped nebula of dust and gas rotating around a relatively. What is the primary source of energy for the Sun? Which of the following types of stars or stellar remnants can have a, mass 3,200 km (1,988 mi) above the Earth's surface. The pressure from high-energy photons and neutrinos at the very, high Sunspots on the surface of the Sun are regions of intense magnetic activity, appearing as dark spots in visible light due to the cooler temperatures found in these regions. B) Solar neutrinos are generated by solar winds, but we're in a solar minimum now, so the risk of damage is very low. According to modern science, approximately how old is the Sun? B) There is a balance within the Sun between the outward push of pressure and the inward pull of gravity. D. The Northern Hemisphere spring officially begins. D) gravitational force Only about 1/3 of the expected number of neutrinos is observed. A. The diameter of a typical neutron star of 1 solar mass is predicted, 7. These flares are outbursts of charged particles that can affect radio communications on Earth. A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. from single stars, is that it provides, a. Elin la miraba con amor tambin. How can we measure the strength of magnetic fields on the Sun? Main sequence stars White dwarfs Red dwarfs Red giant stars Sun-like stars QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements about sunspots is NOT true? Determine the distance traveled a the luminosity of stars reaches a peak at around 1 solar mass. E) join together to form a nucleus. Muons are created by cosmic-ray collisions at an elevation h (as measured in Earth's frame of reference) above Earth's surface and travel downward with a constant speed of 0.990c. A) because there are so rare C) The radiation produced by fusion reactions that is trapped in the core gradually raises the temperature, increasing the rate of fusion. D) 50 billion years. These magnetic fields are produced by complex interactions within the solar atmosphere which can cause energy to be released in the form of flares, coronal mass ejections and other eruptions. Which of the following statements is not true about the planets so far discovered around other stars? They increase and decrease in number, relatively regularly. Which of the following radioactive isotopes is used to date very recent events? These heated the interior enough to allow gravitational contraction and nuclear fusion to occur. This reduces the energy reaching the surface, and the spots appear much cooler and darker than their surroundings. convective motion of gases in the upper portion of the Sun's, 24. Granulation or the mottled appearance of the whole solar surface is. C) It has played a role throughout the Sun's history, but it was most important right after nuclear fusion began in the Sun's core. b. B C) because they move at nearly the speed of light Question: Which of the following statements about spectral types of stars is not true? Sunspots are dark patches on the surface of the Sun that vary from a few hundred kilometers to tens of thousands of kilometers in diameter. on the answer sheet. Question 17. E) any temperature, as long as gravity is strong enough. Suppose that, for some unknown reason, the core of the Sun suddenly became hotter. E. The circle of illumination passes through both poles. a band running from upper left to lower right, d. D) Neutrinos have a tendency to pass through just about anything without interactions, making them very difficult to detect. E. All radio signals pass through this region virtually unaffected. A) the Sun vibrates only on the surface. What is the common cause of sunspots, flares, and prominences? D) radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium. The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release fluorine which then destroys ozone. B) about 700,000 kilometers (the radius of the Sun) B) a bubbling pattern on the photosphere. C) the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion. B) core, convection zone, radiation zone, corona, chromosphere, photosphere The core of the Sun is B) corona B) The Sun emits light of longer average wavelength. The cesium iodide (CsI) molecule has an atomic separation of 0.127 nm. Too few neutrinos are detected on Earth compared to the number the solar model predicts, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. A. (It's even "on sale"!) Why do the tropics have a positive net radiation while the poles have a negative value? B) 600 tons Radio waves from GPS are strengthened in the ionosphere. They exert pressure outward, counterbalancing atmospheric pressure. 2) When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy-generation mechanism for the Sun? The cycle then repeats for another 11 years with the magnetic poles of the Sun flipped. The beginning of a solar cycle is a solar minimum, or when the Sun has the least sunspots. nitrogen oxides and ozone in your Student ID# and the FORM NUMBER of your, exam True False. For example, by detecting solar neutrinos we can learn more about the fusion that is going on within the Sun's core. in the rarified space between galaxies. Neutrinos from the core collide with gas atoms and prevent them, c. C) Fusion reactions in the Sun have ceased. B) As the Sun was forming, gravitational contraction increased the Sun's temperature until the core become hot enough for nuclear fusion, which ever since has generated the heat that makes the Sun shine. A distinct class of gases, particles, and other substances that the EPA has deemed worthy of regulating. Magnetic fields Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were made inside stars. A correlated equilibria to the market game is either a sunspot equilibrium or a non-sunspot equilibrium to the related securities games, but the converse is not true in general. an elusive, subatomic particle having little or no mass, and. If the Sun suddenly stopped emitting neutrinos, what might we infer (after checking that our neutrino detectors were still operational)? A. They often appear in pairs or clusters. B) observing X-ray images of the solar interior using satellites It occurs in large amounts in the atmosphere relative to other gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen. B) They actually are fairly bright but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding Sun. (a) Determine the energy of the second excited rotational state, with J = 2. The interaction between the magnetic fields and the solar plasma can cause sunspots to become unstable, leading to flares, prominences, and other solar eruptions. c. Both natural and anthropogenic gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. *d. C) billions of degrees. A) The Sun becomes much brighter. D A) The sunspot cycle strongly influences Earth's weather. What is the term for loops or sheets of glowing gas ejected from active regions on the solar surface? they are brighter than the rest of the sun's surfaced. Solution. a. Sunspots can last anywhere from a few hours to several months. D) We can study solar neutrinos. A The pressure exerted by the atmosphere is not great enough to crush them. What proportion of climate scientists has concluded that humans are the primary driver of today's climate warming? B In the center section near to the Sun's position, with lower mass, d. A high-mass star near the end of its life undergoes successive, cycles B D) None; they are blocked by the Earth's atmosphere. B) Both processes involve nuclear fusion, but the Sun fuses hydrogen while nuclear power plants fuse uranium. D) It quickly meets an ordinary electron, forming an electron-positron pair that remains stable. The neutrinos are about twice as energetic on average than is. D) the Coriolis force Similarly if the solar core were to decrease in temperature, the nuclear fusion rate would plummet and gravity would overcome thermal pressure and contract the core. B D) They all occur only in the Sun's photosphere. produces photochemical smog. The spots are dark because the magnetic activity of these regions is so intense that it suppresses convection (the transfer of heat energy to the surface). A) the uppermost layer of the Sun, lying just above the corona B) photosphere. E) both C and D, Studies of solar vibrations have revealed that Once a month b. C) our mathematical models of the solar interior are fairly accurate. B) This process would power the Sun for only about 25 million years, but geologists already had evidence the Earth was much older than that. a. they can be several times larger than earthb. C) nuclear fission C Question 4 options: They are holes where we can see into the the interior of the Sun. Which of the following major perturbations can occur to a close, binary The movement of electric charges causes magnetism. the BEST answer for each question and, mark stars noticeably above the main sequence. B) the strong wind that blows sunspots around on the surface of the Sun How gravity behaves at the densest part of the Sun c. Why the outer layers of the Sun are hotter than the surface d. Why sunspots often appear and disappear in pairs e. Why solar activity seems to follow a cycle C A A) 5000 AD. The Sun's core is an astonishing 29,000,000 degrees F., while the pressure is about 100 billion times the atmospheric pressure here on Earth. Solar sunspots are temporary features on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. A C. Day length varies more at the equator than at higher latitudes. B compared What is shown by the small-scale changes in the shading in the figure above? Thermonuclear fusion reactions in the core of the Sun convert four, hydrogen (E). The circle of illumination passes through both poles. Fusion of iron nuclei into heavier nuclei requires energy rather, than Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of. By measuring Doppler shifts of material on the Sun's surface, we observe vibrations of the surface that are created deep within the Sun. Right now, about half the amount of hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been fused into helium. The corona and chromosphere are hotter than the photosphere. Show explanation. Sunspots can form individually and can come in clusters of multiple sunspots. B. Sunspot occurrence has a regular cycle, with an average of 11 years between maximums. Earth's curvature, which presents varied angles to parallel solar rays. What processes are involved in the sunspot cycle? The reaction of automobile exhaust and ultraviolet light 4. B) 100% hydrogen and helium They can produce flares and coronal mass ejections. The Sun generates energy primarily by nuclear fission. known C) The brightening and darkening of the Sun that occurs during the sunspot cycle affects plant photosynthesis here on Earth. which of the folloing statements about ionization energy is true? A B. Chlorine freed from CFCs only remain in the atmosphere for several days, on average. 4) What two forces are balanced in what we call gravitational equilibrium? Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter. E) none of the above. an B They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. was ratified by the U.S. Congress in 1987. A) Nuclear fusion in the Sun's core produces visible light photons. Sunspots appear darker than the surrounding area because the magnetic field reduces the temperature at the location of the sunspot. They are magnetic storms. Which approach gives a more accurate estimate of. C D) constantly rising to the surface through convection. View full document. star, within which planets will eventually form. 1). B) by observing the sizes of sunspots: Bigger sunspots mean a stronger field Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will C) detecting solar neutrinos generated in the Sun's core B. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding gas in the photosphere because. Which of the following best describes what would happen? Sunspots are caused by groups of unbalanced magnetic fields on the suns surface. The number of sunspots has been historically linked to the 11-year sunspot cycle, where sunspots peak in intensity approximately every 11 years. A) an imbalance in the operation of the solar thermostat How much mass does the Sun lose through nuclear fusion per second? 16. C) Nuclei have to be very hot in order to fuse, and the only way to get them hot is to bring them close together. sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. B Sunspots have distinct temperatures that are between 3000-4000 Kelvin, while the temperature of the rest of the Sun is 5000-6000 K. Sunspots are also constantly changing in shape and size, as their lifespans range from a few hours to several months. Acid deposition is deposition that measures more than 7.0 on a pH scale. d. *b. B) strong magnetic fields slow convection and prevent hot plasma from entering the region. A elements toward the bottom of a group periodic table generally have higher ionization energies than elements at the top of a group. E) radiation zone. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. E. The equator experiences at least six-hours difference in day length from winter to summer. 31)Option - C is . No, sunspots do not make the Earth hotter. C) one thousand years ago. true or false: sunspots appear dark because they are hotter than the surrounding gas of the photosphere. After passing through this layer, you will reach the radiation zone, where photons are engaged in a random dance as they are continuously absorbed and re-emitted by the hot gas there. Which of the following correctly describes how the process of gravitational contraction can make a star hot? Which is the correct sequence for the following end-points of. Galileo turned his gaze toward Venus, the brightest celestial object in the sky - other than the Sun and the Moon. As you plunge through the "surface" of the Sun, the photosphere, the temperature will be a slightly cooler 5,800 K, compared to the outer layers, and you will see the slightly cooler regions of sunspots and the granulation on the surface caused by the convection underneath. sunspots, What is granulation in the Sun? Sunspots are most prevalent in an 11-year cycle; the number of sunspots peaks about every 11 years. D) The core would heat up, fusion rates would increase, and the core would re-expand. established a framework to address acid precipitation. (D). At the beginning of the period, sunspots form at higher latitudes. E) several hundred years ago. Sunspots are more important to global warming than GHGs There is more methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide Arctic Greening will absorb most of the carbon we emit to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are by far the largest contributor to modern global warming Volcanic explosions can cool Earth's climate for hundreds of years. D) 4 million tons a measurement of the surface temperatures of stars. While the quality of observations was good, consistent observation was lacking. D. Nowhere on Earth does day length vary by as much as 24 hours. A) Early experiments designed to detect solar neutrinos found them, but in fewer numbers than had been expected. is not associated with transportation B) Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the Sun's surface. B) The chromosphere is best observed with ultraviolet telescopes and the corona is best observed with X-ray telescopes. If an electric hair dryer uses 2,400 J of" energy in 2 s, what is its power? C) The core would heat up, causing it to radiate so much energy that it would shrink even more. mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor. Sunspots are areas on the surface of the Sun that appear darker than their surrounding regions. What was the major drawback to this idea? E. The polarity of the sunspots also changes at this time. E) 4 H 1 He + energy. Which is closest to the temperature of the core of the Sun? They exert pressure outward, counterbalancing atmospheric pressure. Which of the following is correct regarding day length? Which of the following is TRUE? The transfer of matter from one star to its companion. are white dwarfs intrinsically so faint? E) all of the above. D) reabsorbed as molecular hydrogen. The "star" appears to move in a straight line against a, a. D) use computer models to predict interior conditions. The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S). is itchy, painful, red, or bleeding is unusual in color Preventing sunspots You may be able to prevent sunspots on your face by limiting your exposure to UVA and UVB rays. All latitudes on Earth, except the Equator, experience unequal daylengths. As such, they are transient and not permanent. 2.A 3.D 4.C 1.Is the following statement true or false?Solar panels collect energy from the sun that can then power a lamp in a home. D) The higher temperature would not affect the fusion rate but would cause the core to expand and cool until the temperature returned to normal, with the core at a new, slightly larger size. 480 km (300 mi) above the Earth's surface. It increases to 4 times its original magnitude. Together, these two factors lead to sunspots appearing darker than the rest of the Sun. A) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and turn the Sun into a giant star. Magnetism is a physical quality mediated by a magnetic field that refers to the ability to create attracted and repulsive occurrences in other substances. Solar neutrinos coming from the Sun have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. 3. Thus, the north magnetic pole becomes the south magnetic pole and vice versa. The first step was measuring the distance to the Sun which then allowed us to calculate how luminous it is and therefore how much energy is needed to power it. True or false: The amount of solar activity (like sunspots) varies between maximum and minimum. Additionally, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the amount of energy that sunspots emit is so small that it is impossible to measure here on Earth. B structure, origin, evolution C) chromosphere Its. How is the energy difference equalized? B. What is the typical length of time between sunspot minimums and sunspot maximum; that is, what is the typical length of the "sunspot cycle"? What was the major drawback of this idea? Based on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Sun's surface? "Recent" events are those that date back tens of thousands of years. 30. C Iron nuclei are so large that they occupy all remaining space and, c. C) Not all fusion reactions create neutrinos. Atmospheric pressure increases with altitude and is, therefore, lowest near the Earth's surface. B) Nuclear reactions in the Sun become more efficient with time, so that each fusion reaction releases more energy when the Sun is old than when it is young; this in turn raises the Sun's luminosity. D Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? No lakes or streams have been damaged by acid precipitation. the greater the stellar mass, the less the luminosity. How often is there an increase in sunspot activity? gases in the convective zone. Laboratory experiments and theory show that fusion produces neutrinos. Which part of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is occupied by, c. This, process A) We can probe the interior of the Sun by studying the vibrations in its photosphere. A.True B.False 2.Harvesting energy from water,wind,and geothermal vents requries the use of A. aquaculture B . A. Atmospheric pressure increases with altitude and is, therefore, lowest near the Earth's surface. Which of the following sequences of stellar spectral classifications. Which the following is not true of sunspots? A) solar neutrinos C) monitor changes in Earth's atmosphere. young A) 4 billion years a band running from upper right to lower left, 21. The Sun's rate of fusion is gradually increasing over time. New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. B) Solar neutrinos have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. While the atmosphere exerts pressure, it is a negligible amount. C) 4 tons which of the following is not true of sunspots? In the late 1800s, Kelvin and Helmholtz suggested that the Sun stayed hot due to gravitational contraction. These are now known as the Galilean moons: Io, Ganymede, Europa and Callisto. During sunspot minimum, sunspots are far less frequent and the Sun may appear much more uniform in brightness. A) they are regions where convection carries cooler material downward. A. the revolution of Earth around the Sun E) the interaction of the Earth's magnetic field with that of the Sun, What observations characterize solar maximum? b. Describe some of the early theories for why the Sun shines and why they are no longer accepted as viable. They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. B) They are holes in the solar surface through which we can see through to deeper, darker layers of the Sun. D) 6 H 1 He + energy. B E) all of the above. Along the way, changes in the Sun's magnetism produce a greater number of sunspots, more energy and cause solar eruptions of particles. What problem have observers of solar neutrinos run into? a. This is because sunspots are slightly cooler than their surrounding regions; typically temperatures in sunspots are about 3000 Kelvin cooler than the average surface temperature of the Suns corona, which is around 60000 K. Sunspots are relatively cool due to their reduced concentrations of magnetic fields, which causes the plasma to become less dense. four regions: ranging from the troposphere to the thermosphere. Oceanic crust spreads at mid-ocean ridges, creating new crust and slowly enlarging the ocean basin. b) Determine how many trucks will be required to complete the job. TrueFalse. c. A) It was important when the Sun was forming from a shrinking interstellar cloud of gas. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? A) hydrogen compounds. The longest day of the year occurs on the December solstice. Sunspots can appear in groups, or clusters, and their life-cycle can last from days to weeks to months. a. 13. During their rotation, the sunspots break up, regroup, and re-form in different configurations, as well as drift across the Suns surface. B) There are many sunspots visible on the surface of the Sun. a mixture of gases that behaves like single gas. B) It referred to the fact that neutrinos are extremely difficult to detect. The source of energy that keeps the Sun shining today is another name for an electron that carries a positive charge. Sunspots can have dramatic effects on the Earths space environment, including the generation of coronal mass ejections, solar flares, and other space weather phenomena. a. D) an alternative way of generating energy that is different from the fusion of hydrogen into helium. b. GEOG 1112 - Chapter 3: (Questions)Earth's Atm, GEOG 1112k- Chapter 9: Climate Classification. D) They are tiny black holes, absorbing all light that hits them. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. These dark spots, or sunspots, appear in clusters of various sizes and have a temperature that is about 1500C cooler than the suns surrounding surface. One can conclude that meteorologists will be able to improve their weather forecasts based on this information. A) chemical reactions Which statement best describes what was called the solar neutrino problem? B) The Sun's mass is about 30 times the mass of Earth. is affecting the stratospheric ozone concentration. . D) dust particles in the Sun that haven't been turned into plasma 5. C) We have learned that the Sun's interior undergoes fusion at a lower rate than we had expected, and that is why we had observed fewer neutrinos than expected. How does the Sun's mass compare to Earth's mass? A car travelling at 60km/hr undergoes uniform acceleration at a rate of 2m/s until it's reach velocity of 120km/hr. 26. white dwarf, neutron star, black hole, d. diagram to shift slowly, 20. A) Energy is produced in the convection zone by thermal radiation. the nebula caused by the supernova explosion of a massive star. ANSWER: Correct Chapter 11 Question 22 Part A Which of the following denotes the divisions of the geologic time scale in correct order of decreasing lengths of time . Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect? An air mass initially reflects the, As the Earth is a much cooler body than the sun, the Earth emits: A. ultraviolet radiation B. short-wave infrared radiation C. long-wave radiation D. visible light radiation, Select the correct map type or mapping method for the above map? D) The Sun becomes much brighter. 2. B) nuclear fusion A) building mathematical models that use the laws of physics B) observing X-ray images of the solar interior using satellites C) detecting solar neutrinos generated in the Sun's core D) measuring Doppler shifts to observe solar vibrations A) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. C) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. The people living at 40 N or S experience about six-hours difference in daylength from winter to summer. 9. a measurement of the masses of stars. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling, crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots. E. It results from chemical reactions with chlorine derived from CFCs. B) It rapidly escapes from the Sun, traveling into space at nearly the speed of light. an irregular cycle averaging about 11 years, but sometimes, c. 480 km (300 mi) above the Earth's surface. D) 600 million tons Select one: The spectral type of a star can be used to determine its surface temperature. The Sun's average surface (photosphere) temperature is about Imagine you are plunging into the Sun, starting from Earth. Daylength is longest on the summer solstice and is shortest on the winter solstice. B) nuclear fusion It is the largest galaxy in the universe Which of the following is true? B) At solar minimum, the first sunspots form at mid-latitudes on the Sun. Write the Tollens' reagent chemical formula. No, sunspots do not always occur in pairs. The helium produced from the fusion of hydrogen has less mass than the hydrogen that goes into its formation. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. Where are the most massive stars to be found in the main sequence of, b. A) The Sun becomes less efficient and must increase the rate of fusion to produce the same amount of energy. For observers in the Northern Hemisphere, which of the following is true? 4. E) Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. They can have strong magnetic fields that create solar bursts that can cause solar storms on Earth. The proton-proton chain is D) 400 million years. Glacial moraines show when and where previous episodes of glaciation occurred. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of B) Astronomers create mathematical models that use the laws of physics, the Sun's observed composition and mass, and computers to predict internal conditions. C) 8 minutes ago. Sunspot activity is often observed and studied to gain important data about the Suns atmosphere and the local magnetic environment of the Solar system. D) measuring Doppler shifts to observe solar vibrations A) regions on the photosphere where magnetic lines poke through, creating the cooler areas of the sunspots Anne Danahy During this time, the number of spots can vary from a few to hundreds at a time. 34%. hotter. b. a heavy, uncharged nuclear particle, easily detected. the regular movement of a relatively constant number of sunspots. absorbs visible light wavelengths. the answer sheet into the test packet and turn both in. a. Magnetic fields on the sun are produced by the sun's uneven rotation and. To estimate the central temperature of the Sun, scientists Which of the following best describes air pollution?
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