Bose, Jonaki, Sarra L. Hedden, Rachel N. Lipari, and Eunice Park-Lee. Alpers, Philip, Mass Gun Killings in Australia, 19712019, GunPolicy.org, October 7, 2019. Code Ann. The American Bar Association completed a 12-month study on the effectiveness of stand your ground laws in 2014. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Clearances," webpage, Crime in the United States 2013, 2012. Stat. 6-2-602(e). 2901.09; S.C. Ann. Michael Pfleger, et al. As of May 13, 2019: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Table 1: Crime in the United States, by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 19982017, webpage, Crime in the United States 2017, 2018d. Ann. Helps Maintain an Efficient Organizational Model. As of June 22, 2020: Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, Mass Shootings in America, webpage, November 21, 2020. Blau, Benjamin M., Devon H. Gorry, and Chip Wade, Guns, Laws, and Public Shootings in the United States,, Blosnich, John R., Kirsty A. Clark, Vickie M. Mays, and Susan D. Cochran, Sexual and Gender Minority Status and Firearms in the Household: Findings from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Surveys, California and Texas,, Bohnert, A. S., J. F. McCarthy, R. V. Ignacio, M. A. Ilgen, A. Eisenberg, and F. C. Blow, Misclassification of Suicide Deaths: Examining the Psychiatric History of Overdose Decedents,, Bongiorno, Diana M., Eric N. Kramer, Marisa D. Booty, and Cassandra K. Crifasi, Development of an Online Map of Safe Gun Storage Sites in Maryland for Suicide Prevention,, Bonhometre, Jodie, "Cash for Guns: NYPD Announces Gun Buy-Back Program,", Bonn, Tess, "Majority of Voters Support Assult Weapons Ban, Buybacks: Poll,", Bonne, Stephanie L., Pina Violano, Thomas K. Duncan, Peter A. Pappas, Gerard A. Baltazar, Linda A. Dultz, Mary E. Schroeder, Jeanette Capella, Michael Hirsh, Kristen Conrad-Schnetz, Rishi Rattan, John J. Como, Sarah Jewell, and Marie L. Crandall, "Prevention of Firearm Violence Through Specific Types of Community-Based Programming: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Evidence-Based Review,", Booty, Marisa, Jayne ODwyer, Daniel Webster, Alex McCourt, and Cassandra Crifasi, Describing a Mass Shooting: The Role of Databases in Understanding Burden,, Borowsky, I. W., M. D. Resnick, M. Ireland, and R. W. Blum, Suicide Attempts Among American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: Risk and Protective Factors,. As of August 17, 2022: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Expanded Homicide Data Table 8: Murder Victims, by Weapon, 20152019, webpage, Crime in the United States 2019, 2020b. A., D. M. Hureau, and A. V. Papachristos, Deterring Gang-Involved Gun Violence: Measuring the Impact of Bostons Operation Ceasefire on Street Gang Behavior,, Braga, A. As of January 11, 2018: National Rifle Association, Institute for Legislative Action, Bloomberg Course Continues Bloomberging Rights Away, May 24, 2019a. Puzzanchera, C., G. Chamberlin, and W. Kang, Easy Access to the FBIs Supplementary Homicide Reports: 19802016, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2018. A built-in . Higgins, Julian P. T., and Sally Green, eds., Hines, James R., Jr., Taxing Consumption and Other Sins,, Hipple, N. K., E. F. McGarrell, M. OBrien, and B. M. Huebner, Gun Crime Incident Reviews as a Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving and Information Sharing,, Hodur, Nancy M., F. Larry Leistritz, and Kara L. Wolfe, Developing the Nature-Based Tourism Sector in Southwestern North Dakota,, Hoffman, Steven J., and Charlie Tan, Overview of Systematic Reviews on the Health-Related Effects of Government Tobacco Control Policies,. The Air Force gets a lot of admiration from its sister branches because of the many luxuries they have. Firearms News, homepage, undated. Laws 780.972(2); Miss. This legal doctrine is known as the duty to retreat. In these states, defendants are not required to have fled from their home or to another area of their home before using deadly force. Not every law that extends the castle doctrine to your personal public space provides that coverage. Stat. Duty-to-Retreat states are those that impose a legal duty to retreat, when . You should not pay for a crime if you were protecting yourself or your family. As of October 25, 2017: Gun Violence Archive, Past Summary Ledgers, webpage, updated August 18, 2022. Musu, Lauren, Anlan Zhang, Ke Wang, Jizhi Zhang, and Barbara A. Oudekerk, Nagin, D. S., Deterrence in the Twenty-First Century,. Luca, Michael, Deepak Malhotra, and Christopher Poliquin, Luca, Michael, Deepak Malhotra, and Christopher Poliquin, Handgun Waiting Periods Reduce Gun Deaths,, Luca, Michael, Deepak Malhotra, and Christopher Poliquin, The Impact of Mass Shootings on Gun Policy,, Ludwig, Jens, Concealed-Gun-Carrying Laws and Violent Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data,, Ludwig, Jens, Gun Self-Defense and Deterrence,, Ludwig, J., and P. J. Cook, Homicide and Suicide Rates Associated with Implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act,, Lum, Hillary D., Hanna K. Flaten, and Marian E. Betz, Gun Access and Safety Practices Among Older Adults,, Luo, Michael, and Mike McIntire, Children and Guns: The Hidden Toll,, Luoma, Jason B., Catherine E. Martin, and Jane L. Pearson, Contact with Mental Health and Primary Care Providers Before Suicide: A Review of the Evidence,, Lyons, Vivian H., Miriam J. Haviland, Deborah Azrael, Avanti Adhia, M. Alex Bellenger, Alice Ellyson, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, and Frederick P. Rivara, Firearm Purchasing and Storage During the COVID-19 Pandemic,, Lyons, Vivian H., Frederick P. Rivara, Alice Ning-Xue Yan, Cara Currier, Erin Ballsmith, Kevin P. Haggerty, Lauren Whiteside, Anthony S. Floyd, Anjum Hajat, and Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Firearm-Related Behaviors Following Firearm Injury: Changes in Ownership, Carrying and Storage,, MacDonald, J., D. Golinelli, R. J. Stokes, and R. Bluthenthal, The Effect of Business Improvement Districts on the Incidence of Violent Crimes,, MacDonald, J., R. J. Stokes, B. Grunwald, and R. Bluthenthal, The Privatization of Public Safety in Urban Neighborhoods: Do Business Improvement Districts Reduce Violent Crime Among Adolescents?, MacKinnon, James G., and Matthew D. Webb, Wild Bootstrap Inference for Wildly Different Cluster Sizes,, Madensen, T. D., and J. E. Eck, Violence in Bars: Exploring the Impact of Place Manager Decision-Making,. Ann. National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH Awards Funding for Research on Preventing Firearm Injury and Mortality, webpage, October 23, 2020. . If it does not have a positive effect, then is it useful to keep the law on the books? Mich. Comp. As of December 20, 2021: AmmoSpy, Trending, webpage, undated. 10 Pros Of Joining The Air Force. Azrael, Deborah, and Matthew Miller, Reducing Suicide Without Affecting Underlying Mental Health: Theoretical Underpinnings and a Review of the Evidence Base Lining the Availability of Lethal Means and Suicide, in Rory C. OConnor and Jane Pirkis, eds., Baekgaard, Martin, Julian Christensen, Casper Mondrup Dahlmann, Asbjrn Mathiasen, and Niels Bjrn Grund Petersen, The Role of Evidence in Politics: Motivated Reasoning and Persuasion Among Politicians,, Bailey, J. E., A. L. Kellermann, G. W. Somes, J. G. Banton, F. P. Rivara, and N. P. Rushforth, Risk Factors for Violent Death of Women in the Home,, Baker, Jeanine, and Samara McPhedran, Gun Laws and Sudden Death: Did the Australian Firearms Legislation of 1996 Make a Difference?, Baker, Jeanine, and Samara McPhedran, Australian Firearm Related Deaths: New Findings and Implications for Crime Prevention and Health Policies Following Revisions to Official Death Count Data,, Balakrishna, Meenakshi, and Kenneth C. Wilbur, Do Firearm Markets Comply with Firearm Restrictions? Stat. University of Washington, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Washington Firearm Safe Storage Map, webpage, undated. As of October 20, 2019: National Conference of State Legislatures, Fiscal Affairs Program. Mass Shootings, 19822017: Data from, Follman, Mark, Gavin Aronsen, and Deanna Pan, US Mass Shootings, 19822019: Data from, Follman, Mark, Gavin Aronsen, and Deanna Pan, US Mass Shootings, 19822020: Data from Mother Jones Investigation,, Follman, Mark, Gavin Aronsen, and Deanna Pan, US Mass Shootings, 19822022: Data from Mother Jones Investigation,, Fortunato, David, Can Easing Concealed Carry Deter Crime?, Fowler, Katherine A., Linda L. Dahlberg, Tadesse Haileyesus, Carmen Gutierrez, and Sarah Bacon, Childhood Firearm Injuries in the United States,, Fox, A. M., and K. J. Novak, Collaborating to Reduce Violence: The Impact of Focused Deterrence in Kansas City,, Fox, James Alan, Missing Data Problems in the SHR: Imputing Offender and Relationship Characteristics,, Fox, James Alan, and Monica J. DeLateur, Mass Shootings in America: Moving Beyond Newtown,, Fox, James A., and Emma E. Fridel, The Tenuous Connections Involving Mass Shootings, Mental Illness, and Gun Laws,, Fox, James Alan, and Jack Levin, Multiple Homicide: Patterns of Serial and Mass Murder,, Fox, James Alan, and Marc L. Swatt, Multiple Imputation of the Supplementary Homicide Reports, 19762005,, Franklin, Joseph C., Jessica D. Ribeiro, Kathryn R. Fox, Kate H. Bentley, Evan M. Kleiman, Xieyining Huang, Katherine M. Musacchio, Adam C. Jaroszweski, Bernard P. Chang, and Matthew K. Nock, Risk Factors for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis of 50 Years of Research,, Frattaroli, Shannon, Elise Omaki, Amy Molocznik, Adelyn Allchin, Renee Hopkins, Sandra Shanahan, and Anne Levinson, Extreme Risk Protection Orders in King County, Washington: The Epidemiology of Dangerous Behaviors and an Intervention Response,, Frattaroli, Shannon, April M. Zeoli, and Daniel W. Webster, Armed, Prohibited and Violent at Home: Implementation and Enforcement of Restrictions on Gun Possession by Domestic Violence Offenders in Four U.S. Localities,, Freed, L. H., D. W. Webster, J. J. Longwell, J. Carrese, and M. H. Wilson, Factors Preventing Gun Acquisition and Carrying Among Incarcerated Adolescent Males,, Freedman, David A., On the So-Called Huber Sandwich Estimator and Robust Standard Errors,, French, B., and P. J. Heagerty, Analysis of Longitudinal Data to Evaluate a Policy Change,, Fridel, Emma E., A Multivariate Comparison of Family, Felony, and Public Mass Murders in the United States,, Fridel, Emma E., Comparing the Impact of Household Gun Ownership and Concealed Carry Legislation on the Frequency of Mass Shootings and Firearms Homicide,, Fridel, Emma E., and James Alan Fox, Gender Differences in Patterns and Trends in U.S. As of November 10, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Categories of Prohibited People, webpage, undated-c. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Guns in Schools, webpage, undated-d. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Maintaining Records of Gun Sales, webpage, undated-e. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Stand Your Ground Laws, webpage, undated-f. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Universal Background Checks, webpage, undated-g. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Waiting Periods, webpage, undated-h. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, "Location Restrictions," webpage, undated-i. Specifically, stand-your-ground laws reduce the expected legal costs of defensive gun use by reducing the probability of incurring criminal or civil liability for inflicting fatal or nonfatal injury. Ann. Page, G. Martin, and R. Taylor, Attributable Risk of Psychiatric and Socio-Economic Factors for Suicide from Individual-Level, Population-Based Studies: A Systematic Review,, Linden, Ariel, and Paul R. Yarnold, The Australian Gun Buyback Program and Rate of Suicide by Firearm,. Given the availability of self-defense laws for situations in which safe retreat is not possible, stand-your-ground laws primarily apply when an individual could safely retreat from an attack or when the availability of safe retreat is ambiguous. The Pros and Cons of Compulsory Managed Retreat. 13-411; Ga. Code Ann. Blattman, C., D. Green, D. Ortega, and S. Tobn, Place-Based Interventions at Scale: The Direct and Spillover Effects of Policing and City Services on Crime, BFI Working Paper, 2019. Criminal Justice Information Services Division. Reuter, Peter, and Jenny Mouzos, Australia: A Massive Buyback of Low-Risk Guns, in Jens Ludwig and Philip J. Cook, eds., Ribeiro, J. D., J. C. Franklin, K. R. Fox, K. H. Bentley, E. M. Kleiman, B. P. Chang, and M. K. Nock, Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors as Risk Factors for Future Suicide Ideation, Attempts, and Death: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies,, Richards, Julie E., Elena Kuo, Christine Stewart, Jennifer F. Bobb, Kayne D. Mattert, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Marian E. Betz, Rebecca Parrish, Ursula Whiteside, Jennifer M. Boggs, and Gregory E. Simon, Self-Reported Access to Firearms Among Patients Receiving Care for Mental Health and Substance Use,. In Louisiana, it "shall not apply when the person committing the homicide is engaged, at the time of the homicide, in the acquisition of, the distribution of, or possession of, with intent to distribute a controlled dangerous substance in violation of the provisions of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Law. 28763, July 2021. Richmond, Matthew, With No National Standards, Policies for Arming Teachers Are Often Left to Local School Districts, Guns & America, March 22, 2019. Donohue, John J., The Impact of Concealed Carry Laws, in Jens Ludwig and Philip J. Cook, eds., Donohue, John J., Guns, Crime, and the Impact of State Right-to-Carry Laws,, Donohue, John J., Laws Facilitating Gun Carrying and Homicide,, Donohue, John J., More Gun Carrying, More Violent Crime,. 76-2-402(3). A., D. Hureau, and L. Grossman, Braga, A. While stand-your-ground laws ostensibly broaden protections from criminal (and, in some cases, civil) liability to all law-abiding citizens acting to defend themselves, some have argued that the application of these laws serves to perpetuate or even exacerbate racial disparities in the criminal justice system because of differences in how black and white defendants are treated in cases claiming a homicide was justified (Roman, 2012).
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