"The whole arbitration process is still not one that gives us confidence in what ministers have told us, which is that the archaeological issues are paramount." Greater firepower and stormy weather were additional factors in England's favour. Lets look in more detail at what was called the new world treasure fleet. There were different types of galleon, and no standard design was followed. The wreck was found on 20 July 1985 by treasure hunters, who soon began to raise $400 million in coins and silver. Fruit and vegetables had to be consumed in the first few weeks. In 1712, Spain had just finished its War of Succession, which meant they were kind of light on funds. The crew used a simple wooden framework set out over the prow. Books It has been called a holy grail of shipwrecks, as it was carrying one of the greatest quantities of valuables ever lost at sea, with new footage of the vessel now also showing close-up images of some of its vast treasure. In addition to her speed, the San Miguel had 22 cannons and a crew of 62, so she could also defend herself if needed. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Spanish_Galleon/. Galleons evolved in the 1530s (or slightly earlier) from ships like the caravel and carrack and had lower superstructures to make them more manoeuvrable in heavy seas (although later galleons increased these structures again). Thank you! Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Galleon warships were ultimately replaced by faster ships like frigates, but galleons continued to be used as treasure ships until 1815. Radio carbon dating on the timbers reveal that, indeed, the ship they belonged to was being built in the 1650s from Asian lumber. Santa Maria, the biggest of the ships that Christopher Columbus used on his first Atlantic Ocean voyage, was claimed by seas off the coast of Haiti on Christmas Day of 1492. A landslide or sandbar apparently blocked its . El Seor San Miguel 2. The Spanish Armada of 1588 CE By van WieringenCornelis Claesz van Wieringen (CC BY-NC-SA). Meet The Spiny Dogfish, Yes, There Are Sharks In Sarasota Bay, Florida. All of the gold and silver onboard at the time would not be. An agreement to excavate a wreck thought to be the 80-gun warship HMS Sussex, which sank in 1694 carrying up to 10 tonnes of gold, led to complaints that a unique heritage site was being despoiled. However, the value of the sunken treasure they might contain makes it a competitive business. Duque explained that Colombia now had equipment that can "reach the depths and have the best images" while at the same time protecting "the integrity of the treasure" until can be recovered from the seafloor. One was to protect the Spanish ships carrying rich . ", Duque also said that the technology was being used to find sunken vessels "where there was prior preliminary information on possible shipwrecks.". Images show how the vessel appears to be sitting on the seafloor, having not been swallowed up by the sand yet. License. It was never to be seen again until our generation. The first ships traveled from Spain as part of the expeditions of Christopher Columbus, which began in 1492 and were funded by the Spanish monarchy. The Spanish were unable to find at least four of the treasure fleet. Local historian Scott Williams, tells stories of the Chinook Indians in the Willamette Valley seeing white men going up the river but never returning. What is the Most Valuable Shipwreck Ever Found? Archaeologists from MAS and SEARCH Inc along with personnel from the Tillamook and Clatsop Counties Sheriffs Offices and the Nehalem Valley Fire Department all took part in ensuring the timbers' extraction was completed safely. Toilet facilities were rather crude. This painting refers to Commodore (later Admiral) Charles Wagers assault on a Spanish treasure fleet off Cartagena in modern-day Colombia on 28 May 1708. On Christmas Day, while Columbus slept, the inexperienced young backup helmsman ran the ship aground. The Santa Maria, Sunken Treasure and History, List of 4 Famous Spanish Ships Never Found (With Gold). "What we are talking about is an important wealth that has a lot to tell us about our past," Amezquita said. The Spanish favoured galleons for the transportation of valuable cargoes over long distances. Next came the consulting of the meticulous and extensive archives of naval activity from the Spanish government, kept from its Age of Exploration days. Sun 31 Jul 2022 05.00 EDT. No matter where I go I think about the stuff below that we will never find ..enjoy . The larger galleons required an incredible 2,000 trees & up to two years to build. These wrecks remain a mystery due to the difficulties in identifying them when an unknown wreck is discovered. Lets take a look at some of the most interesting. The footage then shows the bow of one of the vessels, which appears to be remarkably well-preserved despite marine life attempting to take over. Does Your Nutrition Company Feed Hungry Kids at the Same Time? Astoria, Oregon Timbers from the wreck of a 17th-century Spanish galleon have been discovered on Oregon's northern coast, state officials confirmed . The convoys carried goods, including wine, oil, tools, and textiles, to the colonies and brought back lumber, sugar, tobacco, and most importantly, silver, gold, and precious gemstones. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine 27: Alex Amouyel on Starting a Life Impact Audit, The Heartwarming Feel-Good Book We All Need, Holistic Patches Relieve Anxiety, Cramps, or Nausea Without Drugs, GNN Paperback Book: And Now, The Good News. Nuestra Seora del Populo: 1733 A ship in the 1733 Spanish Plate Fleet that was wrecked along the Florida Keys. This Spanish treasure ship was a Nao class carrack vessel that was faster than the other ships in the fleet. This journey took around three months and was far smoother than the Acapulco trip. Lab analysis confirmed the hardwood was tropical Anacardiaceae, and radiocarbon dating indicated that the tree was felled around 1650. Other common features of the galleon were the beaklike prow, the setting back of the forecastle from the prow, a flat stern, and a smooth carvel hull. There were additional cannons at the bow and stern. When not spending time underwater, Dan can usually be found biking and hiking in Sharm's desert surroundings. The Spanish crown sent Gapser de Vargas and two years later Francisco Munez Milian to salvage the wrecks. World History Encyclopedia. 2 2- Treasure of San Miguel- $2 Billion Via: www.channelweb.co.uk Two years later, they found five of the galleon's cannons. A local museum managed by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Dept. It was to be a normal trading voyage upon a normal trading ship. The Spanish operated a fleet of vessels to transport goods back and forth to the New World, and a convoy system worked between 1566 and 1790 to try and make the journeys as safe as possible. In the 16th century, Spain's war galleons were used as means to transport highly trained infantry and to allow them to board an enemy vessel. So in that moment, I guess I was the only person in the world who knew we'd found the shipwreck.". When the galleons finally reached port, they were greeted with drums, trumpets, and the ringing of church bells, and it would have been difficult to judge who was happier, the beleaguered passengers finally stepping on to the wharf or the merchants rubbing their hands in anticipation of the bountiful trade coming their way. 29: Carrie Rich on How to Show Up, Learn, and Listen to Make Entrepreneurial Good in the World, Livin Good Currency Ep. Now, two other vessels have been found nearby thanks to new, hi-tech equipment that have also allowed Colombian naval officials to take a closer look at the San Jos and to locate impressive historical artifacts including a gold ingot and the crews' swords. Almost 400 years after storms sent one of Spain's greatest treasure galleons to the bottom of the sea off Mexico, archaeologists from the two countries are to renew their search for the ship and. At least 30 Manila galleons met their end because of storms, hidden reefs, and accidental fires. "We want people to see them," he said. The ship is listed in theGuinness Book of Recordsas being the most valuable shipwreck after the treasure hunter Mel Fisher found the ship off the Key West coast on 20 July 1985. In 1693, a Spanish trading ship left the colony in Manilla heading for Mexico. Terms of Use Wert said some of the coins would be distributed to Spanish museums. Since the arrival of the Spanish in 1536, a tenth of a ton of gold artifacts have been recovered from the muddy bottom of Lake Guatavita. But now an epic battle over ownership of 594,000 gold and silver coins scattered on the ocean floor has ended with victory for the Spanish government, with the American treasure-hunter Odyssey Marine Exploration ordered to send the valuable haul back home. "The embarrassment is just going to keep growing over this," Laura Harth, the campaign director at Safeguard Defenders, told Newsweek. Now, 15 years of volunteer maritime archeology and plumbing of royal Spanish archives have discovered the identify of the shipsolving a local mystery that has endured since before America was colonized. There were regular Catholic services and celebrations of notable dates like saint's days. Reading Suggestion: 16 of the Most Famous Shipwrecks That Sunk. Wars disrupted trade to and from the American colonies, and the 1715 fleet was the first significant convoy since 1688. So, what are we waiting for? Comparing the porcelain recovered at Nehalem Spit and other beaches with collections held around the world, it was determined to have come from the Kangxi period of the late 17th century. Are Sirens Evil Mermaids Or the Same Mythical Creature? The Spanish galleon, in contrast, compromised speed for size, particularly to increase the capacity to carry more cargo and more armaments. Once it is fully salvaged,the Spanish galleon San Jos will be the most valuable ever found. World History Encyclopedia, 02 Nov 2021. In 2020, the DEA reported 808 overdose deaths nationwide in which xylazine was detected, a number that jumped to over 3,000 in 2021. Spanish Galleon. Numerous international expeditions have attempted to find Santa Maria and recover its financial and archeological riches. In this way, we protect the treasure, the patrimony of the San Jose galleon.. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. Two previously unknown shipwrecks have been found near a famous Spanish galleon laden with an estimated $17 billion in gold that was sunk by the British in 1708. National Geographic, reporting on the conclusion of the mystery, note that the archives also contained the name of another such galleon lost to stormy seas soon after the loss of theBurgos. "This sentence gives Spaniards back what was already theirs," said the culture minister, Jos Ignacio Wert. Choosing from the most valuable shipwrecks never found is tricky. A hurricane strikes the east coast of Florida, sinking 10 Spanish treasure ships and killing nearly 1,000 people, on July 31, 1715. The ship, personally owned by Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598), was loaded with 22,000 gold pesos and 600 tons of precious silks and spices. A spokeswoman for Odyssey, Laura Barton, indicated an appeal might be forthcoming. Chinese porcelain was not only widely traded, but also tended to follow closely to styles and trends of a given period. Mark is a full-time author, researcher, historian, and editor. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The poor sanitation and cramped conditions led to diseases spreading quickly, and a 20% mortality rate amongst all those who had boarded a galleon was not at all uncommon. Amongst the cargo estimated to be worth at least $500 million, there were 40 tons of gold and silver and 32 kg of emeralds. Sure enough, the treasure ship met four English warships off the coast of Colombia. It is one of the greatest underwater treasure troves of all time, a glittering haul of gold and silver recovered from a mysterious sunken Spanish galleon and secretly flown across the Atlantic to the US. Jonah Martinez, 43, of St. Lucie, made the. Unfortunately, to date, no one has been successful, and the search continues. I just sat there for about 10 minutes and smiled, he tells CBS News. It is said that the Spanish had buried clay vessels filled with gold bars on the eastern end of the island near Apalachicola. Duque said: "In recent years, with these technologies we were able to reach a level of precision never seen before. The shipwreck has been found to contain incredible amounts of gold coins as well as valuable Chinese ceramics, swords, and cannons. In addition to the Titanic (which was discovered in 1985, but is to be left resting on the ocean floor), UNESCO notes that some of the most famous shipwrecks include the following: The Armada of Philip II of Spain. El Galeon was accompanied into the harbour by the tiny . Cartwright, Mark. In addition, there was usually one or two small square sails on the bowsprit. This sparked the idea for 'The Goonies', where a troupe of kids discover a treasure map that leads them to the long-lost fortune of One-Eyed Willy, a 17th-century pirate who hid his bounty on his ship. English & Dutch Galleons in CombatHendrick Cornelisz Vroom (Public Domain). This mass of sails allowed a Spanish galleon to sail at a respectable eight knots in optimum conditions. Once Spain established the colonies, they brought in the convoy system to reduce the risk of attack from foreign navies and pirates. In addition to the wrecks of the Americas, hundreds more Spanish wrecks that havent yet been extensively researched await discovery in the other parts of the empire. But for professional treasure hunters, finding one of the worlds lost sunken treasure ships could offer rewards reaching into the many millions or even billions of dollars. Our pick for the most valuable shipwreck ever found combines treasure and history. The Santa Maria was beyond repair, but the crew was able to salvage some of the ships timber and used them to build Fort Navidad (the Christmas Fort), which was the first Spanish settlement in the new world. The food for passengers and crew on a galleon consisted of salted meat, dried fish, and biscuits. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Atlantic galleons were around 500-1,000 tons, but the Manila galleons in the Pacific could be up to 2,000 tons. SCOTUS Now Just Another Congressional Committee, Secret Chinese Police Stations in Europe Are 'Tip of the Iceberg', Trump's Attorney Just Blew Carroll Rape Case, King Charles Says Royals Require 'Acting Ability', Ukraine Will Regain 'Significant Territory' From Russia, Florida GOP Paves the Way to Help Ron DeSantis Challenge Trump. As the third of the missing 1715 fleet, El Cievro is also believed to have been carrying significant riches when she sank. When required for battle, the muzzles of the cannons were rolled out to point through gun ports, wooden windows in the deck, which could be closed when not in use. An interesting fact about the Spanish galleon is that they found a Spanish galleon named San Jose which was claimed to have been carrying an estimated US $17 billion worth of gold, silver, and emeralds. What is the Most Valuable Shipwreck Ever Found? The fleet of Kublai Khan. 12 Common Types Of Palm Trees In California. In the Mediterranean, oared galleys were common as fighting ships, and by the early 16 th century these carried cannons at the front. We also know, from Nehalem Indian oral histories, that some of the crew survived the wrecking and lived with the coastal Indians for some time, leaving behind descendants whose families continue to this day., RELATED: Iraqi Drought Reveals Stunning 3,400-Year-Old City Covered By Tigris River. Indigenous tribes also passed down the legend ofa ship that had vanished off the Oregon coast around 1693, carrying porcelain, beeswax and Chinese silk. Experts from theSpanish culture ministrybelieve thatless than a quarter of the 681 Spanish ships known to have sunk between 1492 and 1898 off the coast of the Americas have been found. Spanish Colonial Empire in the Age of ExplorationSimeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-SA). The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. https://www.worldhistory.org/Spanish_Galleon/. Spanish galleons had thicker hulls to better withstand cannon shots. Two Ships Found Near Spanish Galleon Full of Gold Worth $17 Billion By Joseph Golder, Zenger News On 6/9/22 at 5:06 PM EDT Share World Europe Shipwrecks Colombia Spain Two previously unknown. John. The treasure-hunting company, he said, had set out to find the Mercedes and had clearly done so. Later European naval fleets, attacking in force, did make a handful of captures amongst the Atlantic treasure fleets, but in reality, by the 17th century, the Spanish treasure ships were at much greater risk from the elements. Odyssey's decision to use Gibraltar led to a tense stand-off in disputed waters off the rock. UNCOVER This Historical Story and Share It With Others, Legendary Spanish Galleon Shipwreck Discovered After Vanishing 300 Years Ago, 1,000-Year-Old Viking Coins Found by Young Girl With Metal Detector in a Cornfield, Man Finds Tiny Dolls Cozied-up in Back of His Mailboxthe Scene Changes but Mystery Remains, Long Before Trees Overtook the Land, Earth Was Covered by Giant Mushrooms, Singapore Sleuth Spends 8 Months Tracking Down a Man to Return Family HeirloomsAnd Finally Succeeds, Scientists Discover Pristine Deep-Sea Coral Reefs in Galpagos Marine Reserve Teeming With Life. The galleon San Jose was found at the bottom of the Caribbean off the Colombian coast on Nov. 27 . The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Only 11 members of the crew of 600 survived, and the valuable cargo, worth at least an estimated $17 billion in todays money, sank into the depths. Marine archaeologists have recovered timbers from the hull of the 17th-century Spanish galleon Santo Cristo de Burgos in sea caves in Oregon, USA. Galleons were often named after saints, and these were painted on the stern. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! The Wikileaks release of state department cables revealed that US diplomats had offered to side with Spain against Odyssey. One reason is that the ownership of the treasure is already being disputed by Spain, which owned the ship; Colombia, in whose waters it sits; and marine archaeologists, who found the ship. If there was a fourth mast (the bonaventure), it was set at the very stern and also carried a lateen sail, but one smaller than that on the mizzenmast. Published: 15:57 BST, 17 June 2022 | Updated: 18:48 BST, 17 June 2022. Thanks to new, hi-tech equipment, Colombian naval officials were able to take a closer look at the San Jos and two new shipwrecks nearby. In the early days, when the Spanish had not bothered to fully arm galleons thinking the Pacific Ocean their own personal playground, some privateers gained successes. Luckily, they had yet to loot all the riches from their colonies in the New World, so in 1715, they assembled 11 galleon- and galley-class ships containing pearls, emeralds, gold, and silver to transport wealth from Cuba to Spain. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. An expedition launched in November 2015 discovered the missing wreck, and the Colombian government claimed ownership. Due to the extra speed, it is thought that the Spanish loaded some of the most valuable treasures aboard the San Miguel as it had the best chance of outrunning pirates, foreign vessels, or even the weather. This defeat saw the Spanish finally evolve the design of their own galleons with a new slimmed-down version called the galizabra. US scientists found a Spanish galleon laden with treasure worth up to 12.6bn ($17bn) at the bottom of the Caribbean Sea, more than 300 years after it sank. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. Lets investigate the most valuable Spanish treasure ships never found. El Ciervo 4. El Ciervo was a merchant ship, and it is said that she partially sailed under the protection of the well-armed San Miguel. In June 1708, the fleet was engaged by the British navy, and during the ensuing battle, the San Jos sank when her powder magazine violently exploded. said George Lambrick, director of the Council for British Archaeology, adding that serious concerns remained. The galleon was plying the Peru-Panama route, and its massive cargo of Inca gold and silver was one of the richest prizes taken by the Elizabethan privateers. One notable capture was made by Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596) on his epic 33-month circumnavigation voyage. The master gunner was responsible for the four- or five-man teams that operated each cannon. Water was stored in casks and earthen jars, although some galleons did have a cistern to collect chance rainwater. Indian River Shores, Florida A trove of Spanish coins dating back to a 1715 shipwreck during a storm have been found along a beach in Florida. 1: 10 September 1919 The wood of choice used in European shipyards was oak, in Havana mahogany, and in the Philippines, various local hardwoods were employed. The San Jos was a three-masted galleon that was part of the Spanish Armada. Another shot shows a large number of what appear to be teacups strewn across the sand. The evidence all points to it being theSanto Cristo de Burgos,and now the various groups involved are putting the word out for any beachcombers or residents who may have additional artifacts and information to come forward and share their findings, hoping that maybe a coin bearing a name and date could further correlate their already extensive evidence. Seven years later, an earthquake of about 9.0 Richter swallowed the sea along the Oregon coastline, before spitting it back upon the shore in a terrifying tsunami; which just so happened to gather up the downed Spanish galleon and its lost cargo before throwing it against the rugged coast. One fleet sailed to the Caribbean coast of South America, and the other to Mexico. Legendary Spanish galleon shipwreck discovered on Oregon coast, Do not sell or share my personal information. Web. The ships of Christopher Columbus (he lost a total of 9 ships) Reading Suggestion: 12 Common Types Of Palm Trees In California. The president also said that the Colombian Navy is investigating the possible locations of approximately 12 other vessels in the area. Many treasure hunters believe that they have found items that have been washed ashore from the wreck. As the vessel which brought the first Europeans to the Americas, great interest exists in seeing the wreck found. However,to date, one of the most valuable recovered is the Nuestra Seora de Atocha which sank in 1622. El Cierva may have been carrying a relatively unexciting cargo that included timber and tobacco as a merchants vessel. Ordinary crew members (anywhere from 100 to 250 men) slept in cramped conditions below deck wherever they could find some space not taken up by the cargo or cannons. This US Navy ship mysteriously disappeared without a trace during World War 1. They are being kept in the Columbia River Maritime Museum, and it is hoped more information will be revealed as to howManila galleons were built. A large Spanish galleon could carry at least 40 cannons of various sizes. The 40 or so passengers on a treasure ship had to do with makeshift cabins built by the carpenter, these typically measured a mere five-foot square (1.85 m). "Holy Grail" of Spanish Treasure Galleons Found Off Colombia The San Jos went down in 1708 filled with gold, silver and gems now worth billions of dollars Jason Daley Correspondent May 25, 2018. Our final Spanish treasure shipwreck was actually discovered in November 2015 in 600 meters (1,970 feet) of water off the coast of Columbia. A Spanish galleon is seen here in an artist's depiction of trade on the high seas in the 16th century. You might be surprised to learn that it was a stupid mistake that led to the sinking of the San Jos in the first place. The comments below have not been moderated. A 16th century Spanish galleon, laden with pearls, is said to have sailed up the Gulf of California into what is now the Salton Sea. Still, time, no doubt, moved as slowly as the sands in the ship's hourglasses, turned each half-hour by the cabin boys to keep track of time on the long, long voyage. Cookie Policy For the majority of us, shipwrecks are fascinating underwater worlds to study or even visit if youre a scuba diver. Another extremely valuable ship is the SS Central America, sunk in 1857 and known as The Ship of Gold.. Mountain Region archaeologist Steve Jenevein and park resource program manager Chris Parkins of the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, and Scott Williams, president of the MAS, wrap a timber in flotation devices before it's brought to shore, A block of beeswax from the Santo Cristo de Burgos features a distinctive owner's mark, Coastal Region District archaeologist Stacy Scott of the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department holds porcelain likely carried by the galleon. Much of the Treasure Fleet has been discovered and salvaged, near Sebastian Inlet where the hurricane sent the ships to the bottom three centuries ago. Given their wooden construction and the hundreds of years theyve been underwater, there isnt usually firm evidence of which ship has been discovered. Each year two convoy fleets departed Spain bound for the Americas. The San Jose, considered the holy. Historians have discovered large groups of Spanish shipwrecks around the areas where the ships would congregate. The recovery mission was prompted after a local fisherman reported his discovery of some old timbers in a sea cave to the Maritime Archaeological Society (MAS) in 2020. It was a Spanish galleon laden with treasures so sumptuous that its sinking in the Bahamas in 1656 sparked repeated salvage attempts over the next 350 . Galleon warships were also used to escort treasure fleets, act as a convoy for other merchant fleets, as patrol fleets, as troop carriers for amphibious operations, and any other military purpose anywhere in the Spanish Empire such as boarding pirate vessels and bombarding enemy-held coastal fortifications. Marine archaeologists from around the world continually search for doomed ships in hope of discovering lost treasure on the ocean floor. In later dives, researchers captured images of dolphins engraved on the canons, positively IDing the wreck as the fabled ship. Manila Galleons Manifests show that one third of all the silver and gold mined in the Spanish New World made its way to the Far East aboard the lumbering Manila Galleons. The fleets were tempting targets, but neither the buccaneers of the 17th century nor the pirates of the Golden Age of Piracy in the 18th century ever had much success against them. The foremasts had three square sails each, while the mizzenmast (rear) had two square sails and a lateen sail. There was wine, including a daily ration for the crew that was a little over 1 litre or two pints per day. British ships often harassed Spanish galleons, which ferried long-forgotten peoples to Latin America, including enslaved Filipinos and former Jews. Merchant craft was guarded by naval vessels, and the convoy could contain as many as 50 or more ships. The rest of the ship, and it is believed some significant cargo, was abandoned and claimed by the seabed. Ingots and heavy chests of coins were stored over the keel in the main hold, often the only ballast used for draft and stability. They are now stored in theColumbia River Maritime Museum in Astoria, where they will be documented and preserved. The cramped conditions and lack of possibility to bathe properly meant that a galleon was rife with all sorts of other, highly undesirable passengers. The oldest shipwreck ever foundis believed to be the one found off the Greek island of Dokos. Shortly after the coins had been spirited off to Florida, a Spanish warship forced the company's 250ft Odyssey Explorer salvage vessel into the nearby Spanish port of Algeciras, while it was searched. Livin Good Currency Ep. The Spanish empire was founded on two pillars: the army and the navy. The lost gold from the Spanish galleons off the west coast of Florida always had me looking after storms for gold coins. However, as an active trading ship, she would surely also have been carrying money in the form of gold and silver coins that her owners would have gained when they delivered their original cargo to the new world. Even as one of the missing ships from the 1715 fleet, the El Seor San Miguel is particularly well-known for its potential for vast riches. Others found clusters . Drake took the Cacafuego in March 1579 off the coast of Peru. i would love to have access to shipping routes and last known locations of the remaining ships still lost off the coast of america. Evidence of the Santo Cristo de Burgos shipwreck was found off the coast of Oregon. These gun ports ran down both sides of the ship, sometimes with multiple levels. 1607 Battle of Gibraltar by van Wieringen, Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen (Public Domain), Spanish Colonial Empire in the Age of Exploration, The Spanish Armada of 1588 CE By van Wieringen, Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen (CC BY-NC-SA).
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