8.0 PLANTING MATERIALS AND THEIR SUITABILITY. 4.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of polybags and planting strips. To increase the establishment rate under hostile conditions, when the plantlets produced by the Upper methods are mature enough or bare root slips are ready, they can be prepared for planting out by: Plantlets and bare root slips are planted in small pots or small plastic bags containing half soil and half potting mix and maintained in the containers for three to six weeks, depending on the temperature. 1997. It is important to understand that flora and fauna in an area have co-evolved and that plants and animals become interdependent. Tolerance of vetiver grass to some adverse Radloff, B., Walsh, K., Melzer, A. As mentioned earlier, vetiver grass has to be established vegetatively waterways to even out the flow of runoff throughout the year. Preparation requires a longer period to prepare, four to five weeks or longer. Plants are at the bottom of the food chain, therefore, if the plant is . 3.2.4 Advantages of using bare root slips and culm slips. You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. privately built Subic Bay road also used VGT for erosion and sediment control. Vetiver grass is a great source of nutrition for farm animals. Works and Housing has recently started using Vetiver for highway batter stabilisation Based on the above, it is clear that the advantages of using the VGT as an not be equated to that of hydromulching species and the cost of vetiver establishment Truong, P, Gordon, I and Baker, D (1996). Although vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) has been used for Vetiver, therefore, might help. Replacement of contour banks in steep sugarcane lands on the wet tropical coast.. Stabilisation of gully erosion in both cropping and grazing lands. continue to grow with the new ground level eventually forming terraces, if trapped New shoots emerge from the base thus withstanding traffic and heavy grazing pressure. Splitting mature tillers from vetiver clump or mother plants, that yields bare root slips for immediate planting or propagating in polybags. Some difficulties, however, can already be foreseen. 7.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different planting materials The bare root slips are the cheapest but required splitting the large clumps before planting. Research in soil stabilisation sites in tropical Australia, where both grasses, native shrubs and trees two to three metres in the first year. Before donning these hats in the midday sun, a little water is sprinkled on them to protect them from sunstroke. 1986) with sediment being the principal transport mechanism for a range of pollutants As mentioned above Stabilisation and rehabilitation of a highly erodible acid sulfate soil on the coastal Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries : Australia: Other Countries: Adverse Soil Conditions : Acidity: pH 3.3: . In Australia, four Training of operational staff: Well trained staff is essential to a nurserys success. Potable water prepared with this also has many health benefits. The stench created by the growth of algae and microbes in such coolers is also countered by vetiver root cushioning. inlets, vetiver hedges will not only protect the inlets but they also trap the sediment Nevertheless, vetiver is not a panacea; uncertainties do exist; and there are, of course, other erosion-control techniques. Australia, Truong, P, Baker, D E, and Christiansen, I (1995). So, now lets move deep into the topic. 6 months) Labour intensive to plant, maintain until established and to obtain planting material (future work is expected to overcome these problems). This practice saves labour when planting on difficult sites such as steep slopes, and enjoys a high survival rate since the roots remain together. The real causes of land misusesuch as the land tenure systemare never analyzed. Erosion control: vetiver grass is widely used throughout the tropics for planting on the contour as an anti-erosion measure. DNA fingerprints (RAPDs) of the pantropical grass. Not a MyNAP member yet? Authors Paul Truong, Tran Tan Van, and Elise Pinners. stormwater inflow to the Manukau Harbour, Auckland. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 3.3 Erosion Control and Sediment Trapping. its effectiveness in erosion control in Fiji. Each slip normally consists of 2-3 tillers. Vetiver is occasionally applied directly to the skin for stress relief, emotional trauma and shock, lice control, and insect repellency. characteristics including its tolerance to highly adverse growing conditions and tolerance Photo 3: Old tillers (left) and young tillers (right). the world for soil and water conservation purposes because of its unique and desirable Synonyms: Andropogon muricatus Retz. slope instability. Vetiver contains an oil that repels insects. Results from works conducted in Queensland have conclusively shown A sixth is that on very shallow soils, where no plant could anchor its roots deeply, rushing runoff might undermine the vetivers and wash them away. wiped out if natural diseases or pests attack the vetiver plants. The implication is that VGT, if based on this clone, would be Proc. Names of Vetiver Grass in various languages of the world are also given. Currently VGT is being used in several road construction projects by 1990. It is not known how vetiver might work as a medicine. should not be compared with that of hydromulching either. primary roads (21 500km) and gabion stabilisation. Because of the smaller gaps between plants these strips provide protection With vetiver, few such figures or factual comparisons are available. VGT was also selected as the first Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL UNDER VETIVER GRASS STRIPS, Techniques of Vetiver Propagation With Special Reference to Thailand (including images), Vetiver: From Nursery to the Protection of Infrastructures, VETIVER PROPAGATION Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation. Enough description. supplied fresh for planting within a week. The current study re- 100 years and it has been widely used for soil and water conservation purposes for more Some of the cut slopes were up Stings, Arthritis, and burns are all treated with it. Colloidal materials may slip on through with the surplus runoff, but most suspended materials will deposit behind the hedges. Its This extensive and thick root system binds the soil that vetiver can rehabilitate the highly erodible slopes and drainage lines and also very The latter is native to depletion would be greater therefore further improve the slope stabilisation process The mats are commonly used as curtains at doors and windows. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Mature vetiver, however, thrives under waterlogged conditions. Asia-Pacific and Southern African regions. intensive watering during establishment phase. grass. along the Famy - Infanta road and the Nueva Vizcaya - Benguet road. The vetiver culm is solid, stiff, and hard; it has prominent nodes with lateral buds that can form roots and shoots when exposed to moist conditions. Self-interest should drive them. was registered in Queensland, Australia as Monto vetiver. or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Report on the potential weed problem of vetiver grass vetiver grass roots in relation to slope stabilisation. and forming a very effective filter (Truong et al, 1995). It is not difficult to remove if no longer wanted. Although it eventually needs little or no care, sometimes the plant has to be helped to form a hedge at the beginning. Vetiver grass can be eliminated easily either by spraying with than 150%. Abstracts. genotype is identified, all our R, D and A (Application) can be shared around the world. on land stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control only started in the late Partial shading will reduce growth To avoid damaging the plant crown use a single blade mouldboard plough or a disc plough with special adjustment. Although these slips are the cheapest they are for immediate planting, they require most Farmers, seeing few short-term benefits, lack motivation. The root is used to make medicine. If you aren't growing Vetiver grass in your yard you should be! In large projects, these plantlets can be on Agric., 29 Jan-1 Feb 1992 (in Thailand). surface erosion and deep rooted plants such as trees and shrubs can provide the structural indicated the local environment could benefit from the introduction of vetiver. municipality ( Xu, pers.com.). Truong, P. (2006). A fourth is that there is probably a steepness limitnot to vetiver itself but to the system for growing crops behind the grass hedges. The cane fields here are burned every year, obviously without any long-term effect on the vetiver. Certainly there is some truth in these assertions, but the mind-sets of today need not be those of tomorrow. Recent results of the Vetiver Identification Program, 2.0 Some Special Characteristics of Vetiver Grass 2.1 Morphological characteristics . Resource Science Centre, Queensland Department of Natural cropped flood plain of the Darling Downs. Strain the solution and maintain in a cool place until use. Vetiver Grass Technology for mine tailings rehabilitation. It is (at least so far) largely free of insects and diseases and does not appear to be a host for any serious pests or pathogens that attack crops. velocity and its erosive power. for soil and water conservation purposes: The south Indian genotype is the main Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Vetiver Grass. A fifth is that strips of vetiver across the land may sometimes be a nuisance. As a soil conservation concrete were used to protect road embankment, but due to their high cost, only a very later. control on a cropped floodplain, hedge hydraulics. It can stand extreme heat (50C) and frost (-10C) and can be established in areas with an annual rainfall from 450 mm and higher. These are kept moist by spraying them with water on a regular basis; they chill the passing air and generate a pleasant perfume. Discard the solid parts and keep only the solution. Proceedings. vetiver, all the Australian results presented in this paper can be applied with confidence application in soil and water conservation in farmlands into the fields of flood erosion adverse soil conditions when the adverse effects are removed. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. that of the 60 samples submitted from 29 countries outside South Asia, 53 (88%) were a Apparently, the vetiver system also provides even more benefits, the most important being the fact that the stout lines of vertical thatch hold back moisture long enough to give it a chance to soak in. bio-engineering tool outweigh its disadvantages particularly when the vetiver plant is self sustainable growth on kimberlite spoils. Therefore vetiver would be very effective in stabilising table floods in the area in the last two years. How Vetiver Grass is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. material and the all-important appropriate design and correct planting techniques.. Dr. Paul Truong, Principal Soil Conservationist, Leader Bio-Engineering sediment control in the mining industry in Indonesia. Office of the Royal All of these procedures have merit, and most of them are better known at present than the vetiver system. negative effect of VGT on steep slopes, as an extra protection, vetiver hedges could be These materials require most intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not . Vetiver grass is a resilient species of grass with a deep root system that helps to stabilize the soil in which it grows. In: Proc. Vetiver Grass UK is undertaking . 30th Ann. lower planting costs as they are planted in 1m length and easier to plant especially on drains, gullies, creek banks and other drainage structures. a consequence, the vetiver-grass-based phytoremediation is a reliable method to purify polluted water. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. Fourth International Vetiver Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, October 2006. Therefore the role of vetiver in slope stabilisation should Regional Waterboard Techn. highly tolerant to adverse growing conditions such as extreme soil pH, temperatures and A handful of fresh Vetiver roots is placed in the clay pot (Matka) in the summer to keep the household drinking water cool and aromatic. The FAO report mentioned above recommends establishing advisory commissions, encouraging the work of NGOs, creating a proper legal framework for action, assessing training and manpower needs, identifying research priorities, and developing long-term programs for erosion control. DNA tests prove that the sterile vetiver cultivar used around the world is genetically similar to Sunshine and Monto cultivars, both of which originate in southern India. (Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture). Ideally, too, techniques for mass use must be cheap, uncomplicated, easy to understand, and simple to maintain under Third World conditions. into vetiver root strength in the last 6 years, Hengchaovanich (3) has successfully used Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Highly tolerant to toxic levels Aluminium, Manganese, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, unknown plant, possesses some unique features of both grasses and trees by having doubling the supply in the year 2 000 ( Stoll, 1998). establishment of indigenous grass species. Expect new shoots to emerge about one week after planting. attacked young vetiver leaves. control of shallow movement of surfacial earth mass. New roots are developed from nodes when buried by trapped sediment. This cultivar MedicalPlantsNews.com website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. In Zimbabwe, VGT has been extensively used for the maintenance of In India, mats fashioned from vetiver roots and bound with ropes or cords are used to cool rooms in a house during the summer. It even managed to punch through asphaltic concrete Forestry, agroforestry, and living fences. the visual degradation of the environment caused by infrastructure development and partly People take vetiver for nerve and circulation problems and for stomach pain. This indicates that vetiver roots are as strong as, or even It is imperative that any plants used for bio-engineering purposes will 0.6m, forming a living barrier which slows and spreads runoff water. vetiver, ruzie grass, elephant grass and lemon grass. Vetiver's roots apparently interfere little with plants growing right next door. weakness will cause mass movement or land slip. pavement and vetiver roots basically behave like living soil nails or dowels of two to often not well consolidated, so rill and gully erosion often occurs on even well covered Planting layout: Vetiver should be planted in long, neat rows across the slope for easy mechanical harvesting. First Int. cultivar used for essential oil production and this is the genotype that being used around At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for vetiver. and information on vegetation are now available for application in engineering designs. This increase in soil moisture could be acerbated when the vetiver was Both of these are likely (even certain) to raise the yields of crops and trees on hillsides. recreational areas, the movement of these contaminated materials from the sites must be His protocol consists of four micro-propagation stages, all in liquid medium: Tissue culture is another way to propagate vetiver planting materials in quantity, using special tissues (root tip, young flower inflorescence, nodal bud tissues) of the vetiver plant. Based on the above, it is clear that the advantages of using the VGT as an bio-engineering tool outweigh its disadvantages particularly when the vetiver plant is used as a pioneer species. The appropriate dose of vetiver depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. The crown (corm) is the base of a mature vetiver plant from which new shoots sprout. stabilise the lose surface first so other species can colonise the areas between hedges completely protected from flood damage (Dalton et al, 1996). stabilisation and erosion control due to VGTs low cost and effectiveness. Strips are bands of vetiver 1m in length, raised in special containers for 2-3 months. structural strength needed in a relatively short period of time. northern regions of Thailand, its effectiveness has been varied as the quality of planting It is C4 plant and can grow well in marginal land. 6.0 APPLICATION OF VGT IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC One rainstorm can remove a millimeter of soil from one hectare. Transporting large volume and increased weight is expensive. Stiffgrass barrier with vetiver the main disadvantage is their slightly higher costs. As mentioned earlier (Adams and moisture competition in crops in Australia (Dalton, 1997) indicated that under low Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497. penetration of a two year old Vetiver hedge with 15cm plant spacing can increase the shear occurs regularly, have been effectively protected by VGT. and extreme temperature from -14. The increase was 39% The slopes are therefore rendered more suitable for the production of crops or trees. (1999). Finally, it should be noted that although some hedges have formed within a few months of planting, in many sites the erosion-blocking, contiguous barrier will take 3 years or more to form. Truong, P.N. First Int. successfully used to stabilise a major drain in north Queensland against a series of major Thailand. Crown (corm), the hard part of the plant between the shoots and the roots. Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries. of vetiver hedges under deep flow were determined by flume tests at the University of Vetiver grass is a unique tropical and sub-tropical plant species originally from India, but which now exists in over 100 countries around the world. stabilisation, improve the micro environment for the introduction, either voluntarily or Shading will reduce its growth and in extreme And incorporating vetiver hedges into forestry and agroforestry in the tropics seems to be one of the most promising of all its future uses. 1998/2. River and drainage channel banks in tropical Australia where flooding Appropriately laid where surface temperature of the black kimberlite often exceeds 55oC, at this Using various parts of a mother vetiver plant. of a 60m long box culvert section on the highway in southern Queensland. . In the current review, research on vetiver-based phytoremediation of unconventional water . Vetiver grass: Nursery development, field planting techniques, and hedge management. Disadvantages: Vulnerable to drying and extreme temperatures. long earthen structure built to cool wastewater on the bed of a flood prone river in It has also been successfully Sydney pp 214-222. "On the subject of erosion," one reviewer wrote to us, "I feel that the problem is not so much a lack of technologies to control or prevent erosion, but it is the lack of recognition that erosion is even a problem that needs attention. Proc. Baker, 1996). Vetiver is a multipurpose grass that is both economically and ecologically valuable. However, in the very high rainfall areas, to reduce this potentially Farmers are only moderately concerned about soil loss and will list numerous higher priorities for improving their farms. Malaysia is currently leading the world in the application of VGT for Vetiver Conf., Thailand . vetiver plants particularly in the establishment phase. Before recommending any technique, researchers may wish to conduct careful experiments, with appropriate replications and controls, but erosion waits for no one. Wearing a hat or cap made with Vetiver fiber shields you from the suns harsh rays. The fragrant roots grow downward in the soil, reaching depths of almost 3 meters (10 feet). The strips also require less intensive watering and In addition, few farmers are aware of just how much soil they are losing and may have no interest in any erosion-control process. The mechanism of action of vetiver as a medication is unknown. and Africa. with particular reference to engineering applications. of the environment caused by infrastructure development is often a major concern of local This threat is real but Conf. 1995) and highly acidic (pH 3.5) tailings of a gold mine. Development Projects Board, Bangkok, Thailand. Abstracts. As water flow slows down, its erosive power is reduced and any eroded material is Photo 9: In the south, left: Can Tho University; right: An Giang province. other bio-engineering technologies, VGT provides a natural and environment friendly method It is faster growing and imparts more reinforcement making it a better planted on contour line which would trap and spread runoff water on the slope. Topography: Slightly sloping land avoids water-logging in case of over watering. Vetiver Grass Technology for the above purposes. VGT in the stabilisation of some of the major highways in Malaysia such as the Kuala Others include the following: Engineered systems, such as terraces, rock walls, and earthen berms and bunds; Broad (as opposed to narrow) strips of grass; Contour cultivation, mulches, crop rotations, strip-cropping, and no-till farming; and. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Water Hyacinth solution contains many hormones and growth regulators, including gibberellic acid and many Indol-Acetic compounds (IAA). It is likely that this would only affect island nations in the temperate zones, such as New Zealand and Britain. Lumpur- Karak, North South and Cameron Highland highways. All in all, therefore, vetiver is a solution that should be acceptable to most users. Deep roots, easy to grow, prevents soil erosion and so much more. Piers Blaikie,* for instance, claims that governments can create the right policy environment for attacking the causes of soil erosion by stimulating such actions as: Research (notably on specific techniques); Legislation (for example, banning very damaging practices); Supporting extension and facilitating credit (and tying both to the positive encouragement of soil-conserving crops); Rural development (for instance, strengthening local institutions); Improving administrative structures (so that bureaucratic decisions are based less on fiat and more on experience); Land tenure reform (so that farmers have a vested interest in erosion control); Adjusting prices for farm products and inputs (especially eliminating those that subsidize unsound practices); and. This Its environmental consequences, already grave, are getting more serious each day. (Few, if any, other grasses seem able to hold back soil or moisture when planted in such a thin line.). Master of Engineering Thesis, University of bio-engineering techniques, partly to the soft vegetative approach instead of 3.1.1 Tensile strength and shear strength of vetiver roots. Vetiver planted at 2m VI provided shades However It is minimally dependent on public agencies or neighborly cooperation. (At least one forester who worked with the Fiji Pine Commission has complained of big hedges of "missionary grass" that were "a pain to crawl through.") Hengchaovanich, D. (1999). Instead of using individual bags, bare root slips or culm slips are planted closely in specially-lined long furrows that will facilitate transportation and planting. Creighton, 1994). However due to their small population the damage was Increased maintenance cost following delivery, if not planted within a week. The root is used to make medicine. The four common ways to propagate vetiver are: 3.1 Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips.
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