She has a full topgallant focsle, which extends to the foremast and is fitted for the accommodation of her crew; and abaft the foremast a large house, which contains spacious galleys, several staterooms, storerooms, an ice room and shelters a staircase which leads to the decks below. All passenger and crew rooms were well ventilated and provided with sufficient light. The Champion of the Seas for example once managed an astounding 465-nautical-mile (861 km) run in a single day (which held up until 1984). Like frigates they were called composites. [6] As the gold rush traffic subsided after 1856, James Baines & Co.signed an agreement with the Queensland colony in 1860 and ran a monopoly on that route, providing emigrants to the colony. Older pictures show the ship with only four square sails on the fore and mizzen masts, and five on the main mast. She sailed from Liverpool to Melbourne, Australia, onher first voyage in 69 days, 11 hours. James Baines caught fire on Thursday morning, 22 April 1858 while discharging her cargo in the Huskisson Dock at Liverpool following her only voyage from India. This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer. and the following year, in 1866, he participated in the great tea race with other famous shearers, Tapping, Fiery Cross and Taitsing. Carrying wool to UK, she made the trip in 63 days and less hours, the world record. In addition many new such vessels were developed specifically for war: They were larger and faster yet heavily armed. We will try there to correct that issue. The painting is by Captain Thomas Robertson (1819?-1875? Cannot find anything on either ship on Internet, but someone else researching said that the PIDGEON was never in that location. The freshest tea from India up to Londons docks. Hi! @artbyjoannadams, Philip Gunther New zealand On all hands she has been praised as the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey." It could also carry wealthy passengers. The Challenge is without a doubt the most beautiful and the fastest, the biggest clipper ever built in the USA. As the demand for passenger transport to Melbourne, Australia fueled by the 1850s gold rush grew,[5] Baines commissioned a famous American shipbuilder, Donald McKay to build four clippers for the line. Her unrivalled passage, of course, brought her prominently before the public and she has already been visited by many of the most eminent mechanics of the country. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ad6102dd0a4bf275f59c7562965ad155" );document.getElementById("ffd9219268").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Her mast-heads and yards were black and equipped with iron caps, the hoops on her masts were held in white as well as the deck houses and rails. 5 for an unframed print of any size. Chas. I will update and expand it in 2021, no doubt, and add as many reference i can, pdf and sites on the topic. The Black Ball Line Clipper Ship James Baines' with Troops for India.. During the 1812 war, Baltimore clippers rose to fame. Her chief measurements were: Californian Clippers //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantiers_de_la_Loire From 1862, she sailed for James Baines & Co. with the Black Ball Line and by April 1871, resold to Harry Smith Edwards, South Shields. The ladies' cabin was in the stern section (aft) as well as the captain's rooms, the gentlemen's rooms were amidships to the ship's sides. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. Location of original painting unknown. One of the very first clippers designed by Donald McKay she was inspired by John Willis Griffiths designs and borrowed a lot from his previous Stage Hound, yet better streamlined overall. The Flying cloud, with studding sails and handkerchiefs up Painting by Jack Spurling. This first Aberdeen clipper was the Scottish Maid (1839). Three decks, a poop deck, two deck houses and a topgallant forecastle provided the accommodations for three classes of passengers and the 100 men crew whose bunks were built in the forecastle and in a deck house abaft the foremast. On the Australian line, thanks to the roaring 40, Australian Clippers had no competitors, especially packet boats and heavier medium mixed clippers. The Rainbow at sea. Still mentioned in the Liverpool Ship's Register of 1863 her final fate is unknown. James Baines & Co. of Liverpool was the British shipping company, most famous for the Liverpool Black Ball Line of Australian Packets, a fleet of packet ships running cargo and passenger services between Liverpool, England, and Australia in the second half of the 1800s. Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.Text Appearing Before Image:Leng:th, 260 RED JACKET Tonnagre, 90.50 from the same model as the Reporter. But clippers were also a way to revolutionize naval architecture, by searching for -empirically- the best hull shape and water lines. She rivalled theLightning as the fastest ship in the English marine, andended her days in the lumber trade between Canada andEngland. The weight and size of the steam engines and associated coal made these ships slightly bulkier and with less capacity, but this was compensated by their regularity on the long run. France has one of the finest clippers that roamed the seas, although their story is seldom known in the Anglo-Saxon world, to the point the very term French clipper equates a big interrogation point. The Kosmopoliet I, launched on 29 November, 1854 by Cornelis Gips and Sons (Dordrecht) for Gebr. The Thermopylae and Cutty Sark were also other famous duellists, making the headlines. Greetings from NewZealand Her hull was the work of passionate designers, the Hall brothers, which tested multiple hulls shape in a water tank. The ship's hull was diagonally braced with iron, and square-fastened, and all the keelsons and waterways are scarphed and keyed. Namesake of James Baines was her owner James Baines of James Baines & Co. of Liverpool and Australian packets and was once described as "the most perfect ship afloat". Nothing was as fast, even oversailed cutters. Looking for information on clipper ship PIDGEON. Besides these the cabin contains 11 spacious staterooms, a bathroom and other useful apartments. In 1851 James Baines & Co. of Liverpool entered the packet trade using the same name and flag as the New York company, despite its protests. The Line carried on under the management of the successors of James Baines & Co., James Baines, Taylor & Co. and T. M. Mackay, Son & Co., relying on chartered ships to maintain its sailing business, but it finally ceased trading in 1871. Every framed picture is created by hand in our workshop by specialist framers. Teabel She made four 'round' voyages to Melbourne and back to Liverpool via the Indian Ocean. Inscribed 'The Clipper Ship James Baines one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines & Co, Liverpool'.Samuel Walters (artist)Original size: 536 mm x 704 mm. Of course, composite or iron-built clippers became the norm. After this war, American clippers started to link with China and India, bearing some resemblance to the small and sharp-bowed British opium clippers in the 1830s. Ten US-built Clippers raised to the hall of fame in terms of sustained speed over long distances. The captains cabin and sleeping room are on the starboard side and communicate with the wheelhouse on deck, so that it will not be necessary for him to enter the cabin set apart for female passengers. The ship's main frame was of white oak, the ceiling, planking, deck-frames and keelsons, of hard pine. They were the supreme athletes of the seas, and nothing was too fine to win the ultimate race of the time: On the China tea trade route. Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, Day and Son (printers); Rudolph Ackermann (publishers); Thomas Picken (engraver); Walters, S and W (publishers); Walters, Samuel (artist). Your email address will not be published. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Ann McKim, the first proper modern clipper for most authors, model and hull lines. In clipper ship The Lightning set the all-time record for a single day's sail, covering 436 nautical miles in 24 h. The Lightning and the James Baines (both launched in 1854 or 1855), as well as the Flying Cloud, were built by Donald McKay, a Canadian-born shipbuilder, at his Read More In ship: Shipping in the 19th century Royalty-free Creative Video Editorial Archive Custom Content Creative Collections. On the line Netherlands-Java she made the trip in 89 days and later in 76, 74 and 77 days, whereas the normal trip would be 100 days and more. The flag of the company was a red swallowtail with a black dot. The most famous Australian clipper of that era was the James Baines (1850). The James Baines was one of four clipper ships built in 1854by Donald McKay for James Baines & Co. of Liverpool, who ranthe Black Ball Line of packets to Australia. The out line of the poop and the house is protected by rails, on turned stanchions, and the enclosure forms a spacious and beautiful promenade deck. Californian clippers were therefore built to rally San Francisco to New York in record times, in four month, and gradually down to 90 days as the Clippers became better and better. The ship burned down to the waterline. They could have been originated not from the east coast but from the Bermuda sloop, made for open ocean. Her bulwarks and houses are painted white and her waterways blue, and in this style she is also painted below.. She returned to England with a cargo of jute, linseed, raw cowhides and rice. These fast coasters mainly built at Baltimore from the 1770s were designed for trade around the thirteen colonies and the Caribbean Islands. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_clipper_ships Only by seizing the colonial Empire of Indochina in the 1880s the French could deploy their own long range trading networks, taking advantage of classic Clippers. Supposedly an anchor from this ship was recovered from San Francisco Bay off Yerba Buena Island in November 1964 by the Freighter Robin Kirk. [1] [2] It also traded in India and Crimea. Her sail suit was made by Messrs. Porter, Mayhew & Co., Boston. Clippers were not completely extinct after 1870s though. Rallying with Great Britains Wamphoa Tea, he set a new record in 105 days. Black, white, brown, silver, gold or natural frames available, supplied ready to hang. Older pictures show the ship with only four square sails on the fore and mizzen masts, and five on the main mast. The clipper was one of the few known larger sailing ships rigged with a moonsail. But the record holder of the largest clipper ever built went to the Great Republic, a 1853 McKay prestige vessel, displacing 4500 GRT for 400 ft (122 m) over all length. All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. She displaced 150 tons OM only, but built to compete against steamers on the lucrative Aberdeen-London trade. At Liverpool the James Baines was fitted and furnished for passengers by Messrs. James H. Beal and brother. Ship builder Donald McKay laid all his skills and professional experience in the construction of this passenger carrying clipper ship, small faults that had been detected by him before in the sister ships were fixed during the building of James Baines. They only reduced it when crossing the Cape Horn. During her short career her first voyage to Australia took her 65 days from Liverpool to Melbourne (her 'second' maiden voyage from her homeport) in 1854 and 69 days for the return passage including the famous 420 nautical miles (780km) day's run. Your email address will not be published. Her remains, including the most of the undischarged cargo, were abandoned as a total loss amounting to 170,000 to her owner James Baines because the ship's insurance policy had expired three days before. One such vessel converted to passengers and mail was the City of Adelaide, designed by William Pile of Sunderland (1864). Samuel Walters (artist) Original size: 536 mm x 704 mm. Authors illustration of the Pride of Baltimore, a replica of an east coast privateer, blockade runner clipper. The Chariot of Fame was a three-masted, square-rigged medium clipper type ship, built at East Boston in Massachusetts, by famous shipbuilder Donald McKay, for Enoch Train & Co., Bostons White Diamond packet line (Boston-Liverpool). As she was built for a passenger shipping line she provided luxury (1st class) accommodations equipped with the finest furniture available and mahogany panelling (wainscots), furthermore with standard rooms for the transportation of 700 passengers. Baltimore clippers continued to be built, this time for American companies willing to engage in the China opium trade until 1849 when it was no longer profitable. Upon her first arrival in Liverpool a well-known Liverpool ship owner wrote to a Boston newspaper: "You want to know what professional men say about the ship James Baines? She measured 197.4 feet between perpendiculars (hull only), and approximately 60.16 meters long overall by 10.33 meters wide for 853 net tons in the register, carrying more than 1060 gross. Appreciate any information. Her stern is rounded, and although she has a full poop deck, her after body surpasses in neatness that of any vessel her talented builder has yet produced. one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines & Co, Liverpool'. Of course the speed was showcased as an argument as tickets prices flamed up in some cases. These first European clippers were indeed those trading between the British Isles. This painting depicts three American vessels, the LIGHTNING, JAMES BAINES and RED JACKET in Hobson's Bay, with a view of Port Melbourne in the background. She was sold in Bombay as Golden City, and travelled between India and Hong Kong, then she sailed in 1866 for Wilson and Co. of Britain between Bombay and Java. It is believed to have been lost by the PIDGEON. Details 1 folder (.25 linear feet) Passengers contract ticket for steerage passage is dated April 5, 1862 for passage from Liverpool, England to Melbourne, Australia, aboard the Lightning (Ship), one of the ships in the Black Ball and Eagle Line of British and Australian Ex-Royal Mail Packets Best, She is frequently assimilated as the first clipper but appeared at a time ships were still bulky and was its own breed, but her influence cant be denied. Please log in or create an account to save it permanently. He took the risk, like many captains after him, to catch and hold as long as possible the dreaded Roaring Forties. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. "[2] The clipper was in Portsmouth to load troops bound for India, having been chartered by the British Government to transport 1,000 men of the 97th Regiment. Bat. They were either worn out of progress made them obsolete. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. http://www.baltimoreindustrytours.com/shipbuilding.php (1,280 955 pixels, file size: 895 KB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, (C) National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, UK, http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/148494. She returned to England with a cargo of jute, linseed, raw cowhides and rice. Record [ edit] No ship that fast and with that tonnage was ever built afterwards. She is planked flush to the covering board, has a bold and buoyant sheer, graduated her whole length, rising gracefully the ends, particularly forward; and every moulding is fair and harmonizes finely with the planking and her general outline. The last of these great ships slowly vanished in the interwar, such as the Preussen. In the front of the saloon house are the staterooms of the first & second officers, and the windows of these rooms are of stained glass and have the ships name in them. the dining saloon is 35 ft long by 15 ft wide ; the entrance to the deck from the saloon is 2 ft wide and extends across the house, with a door on each side, and opposite the midship door of the saloon is the pantry, which is spacious and fitted up in superior style. The 1851 gold rush in Australia motivated the construction of clippers. They were built in the USA, notably at the Californian McKay yards and many others, paid and exploited by British and Australian companies. Mr James Baines shipped the figurehead to the McKay shipyard, securely packed in a sturdy case. The oceanic nobility of the time were wooden cathedrals of sail, champions of rival trade companies that made the headlines, turned the heads and drew unapologetic cheers. Called Havrais (Form the Havre, main French sailing trade port), or Cap-Hornier (in reference to Cape Horn), the French Clipper era preceded the tall ship traders, generally built in iron and then steel up to 1914. In 1858, Mackay established a separate office of the company in London. Capt. On all hands she has been praised as the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey.. Her sail area was greater, with a mainmast reaching 50 m above the deck, 29 m wide for her largest sail, and 49 m wide with the addition of studding sails. A new breed appeared, the steam clippers, which fired their boilers and lowered their removable screw propeller each time the wind died. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. On Mr James Baines order the ship was equipped and fitted with the best and most modern ship improvements (pumps, windlasses & winches, Crane's self-acting chain-stoppers (invented in 1852)). A few routes were profitable, notably Boston to San Francisco, and to Australia, motivating Australia to built a few clipper in turn. Medium Clippers were still impressive by their own right nevertheless. Regarding her lines, stem, and bow, she was not as sharp and hollow-lined as her sister ship Lightning or as "full" as her other sister ship Champion of the Seas. All the following profiles are also from the author. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_Ballande Star Clippers. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. Description: Photograph of a painting depicting the 'James Baines' at sea under full sail. She ended her career by hitting the reefs of Ouessant, Britanny, and sank despite the help of a French gunboat in 1876. It was said in her time the style in which James Baines's hull was designed and built, both inside and outside, has not been surpassed or equalled, by any other ship Donald McKay has ever constructed. They played their part in the independence, scouting for the insurgents, and were very fast thanks to their V-shaped cross-section below the waterline, strongly raked stem and masts. [10], Although it is hard to estimate the exact size of the Line's fleet as they used charter ships extensively, at its peak in 1860, the Line had a fleet of 86 ships carrying cargo and passengers out to Australia. By 1856, none was built anymore. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that ", The Clipper Ship James Baines - one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines and Co, Liverpool RMG PY8547.jpg. Her mast-heads and yards were black and equipped with iron caps, the hoops on her masts were held in white as well as the deck houses and rails. Not only she became famous by being the fastest of all clippers, but for her race with the Hornet in 1853, and by being commanded by a female skipper, Eleanor Creesy. Despite of this, Clippers, after disembarking passengers in San Francisco often went south, taking the eastern route to Asia and loading previous loads in Shanghai and other port, then sailing to Europe via the Good Hope Cape, and then back to the USA with more migrants. Such sailing vessels were easy pickings, easy to spot and slow enough to be catch by a submarine and destroyed by gunfire. James Baines was a very heavily sparred ship being 2,275 GRT (Gross Registered Tons), she was wide, carrying 1,400 tons of cargo in her holds, and accommodating 800 passengers and crew in her 5 decks (3 continuous decks, forecastle and poop decks). The copyright is in the public domain because it has expired; The copyright was injected into the public domain for other reasons, such as failure to adhere to required formalities or conditions; The institution owns the copyright but is not interested in exercising control; or. Mr James Baines shipped the figurehead to the McKay shipyard, securely packed in a sturdy case. The passenger clipper ship 'James Baines', circa 1855. of 1. They influenced naval construction to this day, also allowing frigates to be faster and mixed vessels to reach good speeds while under sail, often a viable alternative to mediocre or dangerous early steam powerplants. The clipper was one of the few known larger sailing ships rigged with a moonsail. All our frames have a smooth satin finish, and measure 20mm (front face) by 23mm (depth from wall). Composite steam clippers, arguably much slower but carrying more due to their stronger ans larger hull, proved more profitable. William-j. The Rainbow was in its time the fastest sailboat. On Mr James Baines order the ship was equipped and fitted with the best and most modern ship improvements (pumps, windlasses & winches, Crane's self-acting chain-stoppers (invented in 1852)). [9] Just in 1865 and 1866 the Line brought 21,000 immigrants to Queensland. The Thermopylae is certainly less known than the Cutty Sark, but she was nevertheless one of the key legends of the Clippers time; Its actually her who holds the record for the fastest tea clipper in the world, winning the Golden Rooster, breaking all established records, and motivating the owner of the rival company arming the Cutty Sark to build another clipper. McDonnell, the first and last master of James Baines was broken-hearted following the disastrous end of his fine ship. She srarted as a packet vessel before being chartered by the Australian branch of the White Star Line (Australian packets) running to Australia from England 1854-1855 then by In 1862, she was sold on london, made new voyages to Australia-New Zealand and left Queenstown on 7 October 1863 for Auckland 8 January 1864 with 520 British colonial troops to deal with the Maori insurrection. If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, List of people who sailed on clipper ships, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1858, Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States, Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 2,515 tons (2,555 tonnes) at 29ft (8.8m) draught (1.000 tons ship mass + 1.455 tons cargo & passengers' mass), 21kn (39km/h) on 17 June 1856 at 44S, 106E; best 24-hour run: 342nmi (633km) in 1854. Capt. She has iron caps and is rigged in nearly the same style as the Champion of the Seas. The staircase in the after part of the saloon leads to the main deck, where are the gentlemens sleeping apartments, 24 in all, each stateroom having two berths. Image reference: PY8547. Her unrivalled passage, of course, brought her prominently before the public and she has already been visited by many of the most eminent mechanics of the country. Good luck for your research ! His James Baines set an around-the-world record of 133 days and a transatlantic record of 12 days 6 hours from Boston to Liverpool. The Cloud measured 73 meter on the waterline, she was one of the largest. Companies still kept some more for the prestige and as a flagship than to make profit as per se. It was not uncommon for US-built Clippers to cover more than 700 km daily, on entire weeks. https://hec.lrfoundation.org.uk/archive-library/lloyds-register-of-ships-online, To read for a better understanding of this website, Erzherzog F. Max class BD. By judging statistics of port-to-port liaisons, American clippers seemed at the top of this game and rule supreme. Thank you so much for your time. Extraordinary social commentary as well as of course the daily sailing events. First, the Emperor of China forbid importation of European goods and imposed payment in silver for tea. The famous Americas Cup appeared just when this trade competition between England and the USA was at its highest. More on the detail below. [10], The line carried more passengers to Australia than any other line. Soon, the rule of windjammers, three four and even five barque and schooners replaced he wooden wonders of the 1860s. 1 for a single card, up to 4 for a pack of 16. For long sea voyages, they were free of any space taken by coal of machines and thus carried more goods for the same size. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The most prestigious and prolific Clipper builders and operators were the West Coast Yards. James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. Besides the American vessels, the fleet of the Line contained a number of softwood vessels built in the Maritime Provinces of Canada as well as oak and teak ships built in England and Scotland. Her first career (Capt. They were given letters of marque but traded, used as blockade runners, and many were captured by the British. There was great hope in him and for his first crossing, it was entrusted to a celebrity of the time, Captain Robert H. Waterman, known to be the fastest on this road. Ironclads (1872), Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906), Courageous class aircraft carriers (1928), WW2 British Amphibious Ships and Landing Crafts, Infanta Maria Teresa class cruisers (1890), 600/630 Tonnes Type Submersibles (1925-38), Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype), Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype), Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus), Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype), SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949, Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950, de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN), Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible), Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952, Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953, Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955, Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN, GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971, Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976, Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982, Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986. But by that time they were already composites and many had steam engines. Pitts replaced him and made further trips. McKays Great Republic, registered at about 4,555 tons, was the largest clipper ever built. In effect, Extra length above this level was tax-free, which motivated greatly the construction of more Clippers. In July 1857, James Baines (together with Champion of the Seas) was reviewed by Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort Albert while lying in Portsmouth. The Empire of China & Japan - Green parrot, Premium wooden frame with a thick bevel-cut mount, Supplied with envelopes & protective cellophane sleeves, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. In detail: All three masts (with lower, top, and topgallant masts including royal and skysail masts) had a course sail, a topsail, a topgallant sail, a royal sail, and a skysail. I am trying to paint The Eagle Wing and am struggling with accuracy while avoiding plagiarism of the two paintings Ive seen. The first of these was aptly named the Falcon, that year of 1859. The Flying Cloud made headlines by linking New York to San Francisco in 89 days 8 hours, through the dreaded cape horn.
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