Moral directives do not need to be complex or obscure to be worthwhile, and in fact, it is precisely this rule's simplicity which makes it great. Marcus George Singer observed that there are two importantly different ways of looking at the golden rule: as requiring (1)that you perform specific actions that you want others to do to you or (2)that you guide your behavior in the same general ways that you want others to. [55], The most righteous person is the one who consents for other people what he consents for himself, and who dislikes for them what he dislikes for himself.[55]. Hillel accepted him as a candidate for conversion to Judaism but, drawing on Leviticus 19:18, briefed the man: What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn. Selecting a region changes the language and/or content on Adobe.com. Interesting fact: the Golden Ratio is also equal . Regard your neighbor's gain as your own gain, and your neighbor's loss as your own loss. One religion that officially rejects the Golden Rule is the Neo-Nazi religion of the "Creativity Movement" founded by Ben Klassen. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. It is the compositional principle of arranging the elements in a work in such a way that the end result is aesthetically pleasing to . There are many examples of ways in which the golden rule can be implemented, in its various forms. It assumes, of course, that when we put ourselves in our neighbor's place, we are wise enough not to make any foolish wishes and good enough not to make any evil ones. Usually written as the Greek letter phi, it is strongly associated with the Fibonacci sequence, a series of numbers wherein each number is added to the last. Moore: Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era; Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 19271930; Vol. Golden Cross: The golden cross is a bullish breakout pattern formed from a crossover involving a security's short-term moving average (such as the 15-day moving average) breaking above its long . And if thine eyes be turned towards justice, choose thou for thy neighbour that which thou choosest for thyself. "Currently the best book of its kind! The hadith recount what the prophet is believed to have said and done, and traditionally Muslims regard the hadith as second to only the Qur'an as a guide to correct belief and action.[53]. To teach us that he who destroys a single soul destroys a whole world and that he who saves a single soul saves a whole world; furthermore, so no race or class may claim a nobler ancestry, saying, 'Our father was born first'; and, finally, to give testimony to the greatness of the Lord, who caused the wonderful diversity of mankind to emanate from one type. But what is the mythical number, and what does it mean? In the view of Greg M. Epstein, a Humanist chaplain at Harvard University, "'do unto others' is a concept that essentially no religion misses entirely. If you would not want to be in such a position, the other person probably would not either, and so you should not do it. Furthermore, the dodecahedron within the background of the painting measured from its edges correspond with the Golden Ratio. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society. Phi to 20,000 Places and a Million Places. , "What you do not want to happen to you, do not do it yourself either." Towards a Global Ethic: An Initial Declaration, United States Declaration of Independence, Reciprocity (social and political philosophy), "Parliament of the World's Religions Towards a Global Ethic", A Late Period Hieratic Wisdom Text: P. Brooklyn 47.218.135", "The Sentences of Sextus -- The Nag Hammadi Library", "The Golden Rule Poster - A History: Multi-faith Sacred Writings and Symbols from 13 Traditions", "Tosefta on Mishnah Seder Nezikin Sanhedrin 8.49 (Erfurt Manuscript)", "Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica", "John Wesley's Explanatory Notes on Luke 10", "Bah Reference Library The Hidden Words of Bah'u'llh, p. 11", "The Hidden Words of Bah'u'llh Part II", "The Buddha (BC 623BC 543) Religion and spirituality Article Buddha, BC, 623", Detachment and Compassion in Early Buddhism, "The Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions", "The Creativity Movement | Southern Poverty Law Center", How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time, "Mary Wakefield: What 'The Water Babies' can teach us about personal", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Rule&oldid=1152235766, tr. It is the ratio of a regular pentagon's diagonal to its side and thus appears in the construction of the dodecahedron and icosahedron. Keep in mind that many of these variants of the golden rule are translations from versions of it in other languages, such as the Latin quod tibi non vis fieri, alteri ne feceris, which can be translated as do not do to another what you do not want to be done to you. Christianity.com is a member of the Salem Web Network of sites including: Copyright 2023, Christianity.com. The Fibonacci numbers are 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, and so on, with the ratio of each number and the previous number gradually approaching 1.618, or phi. 12So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you,(A) for this sums up the Law and the Prophets.(B). If your curiosity in the Golden Ratio derives from a love for photography or cinematography, you may want to check out our next article. Do good to others as you would like good to be done to you. Do not do unto others whatever is injurious to yourself. For the 1915 silent film, see. Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Try not to do things to others that you would not like them to do to you. [3] The Initial Declaration was signed by 143 leaders from all of the world's major faiths, including Bah Faith, Brahmanism, Brahma Kumaris, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Indigenous, Interfaith, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Native American, Neo-Pagan, Sikhism, Taoism, Theosophist, Unitarian Universalist and Zoroastrian. DNA helixes, Renaissance art works, ancient architectural designs, and even fruits have all been observed as taking on the golden ratio. The Golden Ratio exists within the human skull, says a team of researchers at Johns Hopkins University. Some seashells expand in proportion to the golden ratio, in a pattern known as a golden spiral, but not all shells do. Rashi commented what constitutes revenge and grudge, using the example of two men. And although it isnt possible to know what it really feels like to be a different person or live in different circumstances and have different life experiences, it isnt difficult for most of us to imagine what would cause us suffering and to try to avoid causing suffering to others. The Golden Ratiois a principle in mathematics used to express the ratio of a line segment divided into two segments of different lengths whereby the ratio of the complete segment to the longer segment is equal to that of the ratio of the longer segment to the shorter segment. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Do this, and you will live. Teach me something to go to heaven with it. The size and placement of the squares are based on the . What we choose is always the better; and nothing can be better for us unless it is better for all. Damrosch argued that to confuse the Golden Rule with human rights is to apply contemporary thinking to ancient concepts. Cush, D., Robinson, C., York, M. According to him, the proper punishment to those who have done evil is to put them to shame by showing them kindness, in return and to forget both the evil and the good done on both sides (verse 314).[16]. ", He said to him, "You have answered correctly. 2, p. 87, Vol. When was it discovered and what is its influence on art and design? Finally, the Divine Proportion can be found in artworks from the Renaissance to modern art. Its true that nautiluses maintain the same shell proportions throughout their life, but the ratio of their shells is usually a logarithmic spiral, as opposed to an expression of phi. Matthew's reference presents the Golden Rule as encapsulating the teachings of the law and the prophets. Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama, c.623543 BCE)[67][68] made the negative formulation of the golden rule one of the cornerstones of his ethics in the 6th century BCE. Thus, it is incorporated into much of man-made design such as architecture and art, but it can also be found in the natural world. Thegreenline, a golden section of theyellowline defines the width of the eye, the distance at the pupil from the eye lash to the eye brow and the distance between the nostrils. The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct: Now that weve laid down the history of the Divine Proportion and its definition, what is the ratio used for in design? It does not preclude doing good deeds and taking moral positions. ", He said to him, "What is written in the law? A golden retriever enjoys the golden hour on a beach in Vietnam. Rashi concludes his commentary by quoting Rabbi Akiva on love of neighbor: "This is a fundamental [all-inclusive] principle of the Torah."[28]. Also called the Divine Proportion or Golden Section, the ratio is mathematically used to express (1 + 5)/2, often denoted by the Greek letter or and verbally as phi. Your email address will not be published. Starting in the capital, Delhi, and taking in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, it's India's most well-trodden tourist track. Copyright 2019 by Zondervan. Dadisten-I-dinik, 94,5, and "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others." If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Salvador Dali, the surrealist painter, intentionally used a canvas shaped like a golden rectangle for his paintingThe Sacrament of the Last Supper. [1] It can be considered an ethic of reciprocity in some religions, although different religions treat it differently. If people regarded other peoples states in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their own state to attack that of another? The Golden Ratio book Author interview with Gary B. Meisner on New Books in Architecture, The Golden Ratio book Author interview with Gary B. Meisner on The Authors Show, Gary Meisners latest Tweets on the Golden Ratio, Golden Ratio, Phi and Fibonacci Commemorative Postage Stamps, The Golden Ratio in Character Design, Cartoons and Caricatures, Center of pupil : Bottom of teeth : Bottom of chin, Outer & inner edge of eye: Center of nose, Outer edges of lips : Upper ridges of lips, Width of center tooth : Width of second tooth. Author of. The Golden Gate Bridge came to be recognized as a symbol of the power and progress of the United States, and it set a precedent for suspension-bridge design around the world. (negative form), If you want people to help you in a selfless manner, then you should also help them in a selfless manner. What is the Golden Ratio? Putting oneself in the place of another, one should not kill nor cause another to kill.[69]. It was first seen in Aboriginal Australians. Kant's Categorical Imperative: Act the Way You Want Others to Act, Net Positive: Having More Positive than Negative Impact, Criticism of the golden rule and potential solutions, The von Restorff Isolation Effect: What Stands Out Is Remembered Better, Ingroups and Outgroups: How Social Identity Influences People, Brandolinis Law: The Bullshit Asymmetry Principle, The Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc Fallacy: After This, Therefore Because of This, Incidental Learning: Learning Without Trying to Learn, If you want people to be polite to you, then you should be polite to them. California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. - Biblical Meaning, Importance and Examples. This article approaches the rule, therefore, through the rubric of building its . We dive deep into the rules and principles of composition as it pertains to camerawork and how to tell better stories within a single shot. Thus the "golden rule" might still express the essence of a universal morality even if no two men in the world had any needs or tastes in common.[99]. As part of the prohibition of causing any living beings to suffer, Jainism forbids inflicting upon others what is harmful to oneself. If everything is important, then nothing is important, says human factors engineering student Sara Berndt. Furthermore, in verse 312, Valluvar says that it is the determination or code of the spotless (virtuous) not to do evil, even in return, to those who have cherished enmity and done them evil. - . Take a minute. The Fibonacci Sequence, named after Leonardo Fibonacci, was demonstrated in his mathematical text book Liber Abaci. You may have heard of the Golden Ratio in art or architecture. For example, the golden rule means that if you want people to treat you with respect, then you should treat them with respect too. It is easy to come up with, easy to understand, and easy to apply, and these three things are the hallmarks of a strong and healthy moral system. Phidias (500 BC 432 BC), a sculptor who was one of the designers of the Parthenon, is said to have used the Divine Ratio within the Doric-style temple. [8], Possibly the earliest affirmation of the maxim of reciprocity, reflecting the ancient Egyptian goddess Ma'at, appears in the story of "The Eloquent Peasant", which dates to the Middle Kingdom (c.20401650 BCE): "Now this is the command: Do to the doer to make him do. The golden spiral is a pattern created based on the concept of the golden ratioa universal law that represents the "ideal" in all forms of life and matter. If people regarded other peoples families in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their own family to attack that of another? [35], This Torah verse represents one of several versions of the Golden Rule, which itself appears in various forms, positive and negative. The golden ratio, also known as the golden number, golden proportion, or the divine proportion, is a ratio between two numbers that equals approximately 1.618. When was it discovered and what is its influence on art and design? In modern economics, the Golden Rule is an economic policy that says, a government must only borrow money for investing and not for funding the regular expense. Furthermore, when doing this, you can use additional techniques, which will help you implement this rule effectively: Finally, note that these techniques can also be useful when it comes to getting people other than yourself to consider and use the golden rule. Hillel the Elder (c.110 BCE 10 CE),[29] used this verse as a most important message of the Torah for his teachings. This makes the golden hour, also known as the magical hour, popular with photographers and filmmakers. The Golden Rule has inspired several subsequent sayings and ethical declarations since its revelation by Jesus. Master the art of visual storytelling with our FREE video series on directing and filmmaking techniques. A few artists and designers have deliberately based their work around the golden ratio. This is the essence of all that is taught in the law and the prophets. He is kind to the kind; he is also kind to the unkind: for Virtue is kind. One of the most famous ratios in mathematics and design goes all the way back to the ancient Greeks. [86], The Golden Rule can also be explained from the perspectives of psychology, philosophy, sociology, human evolution, and economics. 12Do to others whatever you would like them to do to you. For example, the golden rule means that if you want people to treat you with respect, then you should treat them with respect too. Since then, it has been discovered and rediscovered in principles of mathematics, architecture, nature, and art. Specifically, in the example described above, the golden rule would not be enough to prevent that person from going to prison, because most individuals and societies choose to place other laws and ethical principles above the golden rule, while still taking the golden rule into account. The human face abounds with examples of the Golden Ratio, also known as the Golden Section or Divine Proportion. In short, it's a mathematical ratio, commonly found in nature. If the entire Dharma can be said in a few words, then it isthat which is unfavorable to us, do not do that to others. golden: [adjective] consisting of, relating to, or containing gold. In one passage of the New Testament, Paul the Apostle refers to the golden rule, restating Jesus' second commandment: For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. By making dharma your main focus, treat others as you treat yourself[66], The design of the The United Nations Secretariat Building in New York City was designed with the ratio in mind. "Sukhanan-i-Muhammad" [Conversations of Muhammad], Wattles (192); Rost (100); Donaldson Dwight M. (1963). [is] () the single greatest, simplest, and most important moral axiom humanity has ever invented, one which reappears in the writings of almost every culture and religion throughout history, the one we know as the Golden Rule. In Chapter 32 in the Book of Virtue of the Tirukkua (c.1st century BCE to 5th century CE), Valluvar says: Do not do to others what you know has hurt yourself. The city population was 20,399 at the 2020 United States Census. This notion is described, for example, in the writing of philosopher Henry More, who said that: The Evil you would not have done to your self, you must abstain from doing the same to another, as far as may be done without prejudice to a Third., In Enchiridion Ethicum (1667), Chap. A rule of reciprocal altruism was stated positively in a well-known Torah verse (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} ): You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against your kinsfolk. Subscribe for more filmmaking videos like this. The golden rule is an important philosophical principle, which has been formulated in various ways by many different groups throughout history . Here's everything you need to know about it and how you can use it in the visual arts.The golden ratio: the theory. In his book on the golden rule, Jeffrey Wattles makes the similar observation that such objections typically arise while applying the golden rule in certain general ways (namely, ignoring differences in taste, in situation, and so forth). The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one wants to be treated. St. Paul also comments on the golden rule in the book of Romans: The commandments, "You shall not commit adultery", "You shall not murder", "You shall not steal", "You shall not covet", and whatever other command there may be, are summed up in this one command: "Love your neighbor as yourself."[51]. Use the golden ratio as a guideline for your work to make sure things are nicely spaced out and well composed. ", The passage in the book of Luke then continues with Jesus answering the question, "Who is my neighbor? In that text, Fibonacci introduced the concepts of the Arabic decimal system, a much more efficient mathematical system over the commonly used Roman numerals. The golden rule is a moral principle which denotes that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself. One of Jesus' most famous and impactful teachings, the Golden Rule can be found in the Bible verses Matthew 7:12 and Luke 6:31: " So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the . [3][4] In the folklore of several cultures the Golden Rule is depicted by the allegory of the long spoons. The development of human "rights" is a modern political ideal that began as a philosophical concept promulgated through the philosophy of Jean Jacques Rousseau in 18th century France, among others. Theyellowline, a golden section of theblueline, defines the width of the nose, the distance between the eyes and eye brows and the distance from the pupils to the tip of the nose. It is geometrically constructible by straightedge and compass, and it occurs in the investigation of the Archimedean and Platonic solids. The golden ratio can work a bit like therule of thirds: It can be a compositional convention or guide, but not a hard-and-fast regulation about how you should structure your work. The most familiar version of the Golden Rule says, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.". This is the essence of all that is taught in the law and the prophets. But when it was discovered and by whom specifically is unknown. Also known as the Golden Section, Golden Mean, Divine Proportion, or the Greek letter Phi, the Golden Ratio is a special number that approximately equals 1.618. Hence, the Golden Rule of "do unto others" is "dangerous in the wrong hands",[96] according to philosopher Iain King, because "some fanatics have no aversion to death: the Golden Rule might inspire them to kill others in suicide missions."[97]. [84], However, Leo Damrosch argued that the notion that the Golden Rule pertains to "rights" per se is a contemporary interpretation and has nothing to do with its origin. The golden ratio occurs in many mathematical contexts. Also called the Divine Proportion or Golden Section, the ratio is . (The Basics of the Golden Ratio). In the photo below, note the following golden ratio proportions that appear throughout the human face using the golden ruler above. Why . If you say "yes it is", it would be a lie. So, what is the golden ratio? John Stuart Mill in his book, Utilitarianism (originally published in 1861), wrote, "In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. It can be used to create organic-looking, visually-pleasing compositions in your artwork or design projects, and is useful for graphic designers, illustrators and digital artists. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! If the ratio between these two portions is the same as the ratio between the overall stick and the larger segment, the . 3, p. 180. It is the ratio of a line segment cut into two pieces of different lengths such that the ratio of the whole segment to that of the longer segment is equal to the ratio of the longer segment to the shorter segment. For this reason many people find the Golden Rules corollary "do not treat people in a way you would not wish to be treated yourself" more pragmatic.[78]. (positive form), If you dont want people to selfishly deny you help that they can give, then you shouldnt selfishly deny them the help that you can give. Corrections? The more we . Seek for mankind that of which you are desirous for yourself, that you may be a believer. We are to follow and exercise the Golden Rule because God's heavenly wisdom teaches self-control, and his virtue teaches kindness. A marvel of modern engineering, the Golden Gate Bridge is 1.7 miles long and 90 feet wide. With regard to the Old Testament, two main points prevail. ), tasmd dharma-pradhnna bhavitavyam yattman | tath cha sarva-bhthu vartitavyam yathtmani ||, Ivanhoe and Van Norden translation, 6869. As such, in the following article you will learn more about the golden rule, see how it can be refined, and understand how you can implement it in practice. Enter code SPRINGSTUDY15 to save 15% for life!. Commentators interpret that this applies to foreigners (= Samaritans), proselytes (= 'strangers who reside with you')[38] and Jews. In Mahbhrata, the ancient epic of India, there is a discourse in which sage Brihaspati tells the king Yudhishthira the following about dharma, a philosophical understanding of values and actions that lend good order to life: One should never do something to others that one would regard as an injury to one's own self. In the centuries since Paciolis book, many enthusiasts have claimed that the number is naturally pleasing to the eye, that it is a mathematical distillation of beauty, and that golden ratio line segments, golden rectangle side lengths, and golden triangles are represented throughout art history. https://www.britannica.com/science/golden-ratio, Story of mathematics - Golden Ratio Explanation and Examples, Cornell University - Department of Mathematics - Golden Ratio. The Old Testament Deuterocanonical books of Tobit and Sirach, accepted as part of the Scriptural canon by Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Non-Chalcedonian Churches, express a negative form of the golden rule: "Do to no one what you yourself dislike.". Looking more closely at the shape of the windows, you can also find the ratio. Regard bad for yourself whatever you regard bad for others. Once, he was challenged by a gentile who asked to be converted under the condition that the Torah be explained to him while he stood on one foot. . 39(2): 155168, 2005. Create robust and customizable shot lists. Golden Gate Bridge, suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate in California to link San Francisco with Marin county to the north. Le Corbusier, a famous mid-century modern architect, based a good deal of his architectural system around the golden ratio. Empathy is at the root of kindness, compassion, understanding and respect qualities that we all appreciate being shown, whoever we are, whatever we think and wherever we come from. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Mahbhrata is usually dated to the period between 400 BCE and 400 CE.[13][14]. The proportions of nautilus shells and human bodies are examples of the golden ratio in nature, but these tend to vary greatly from one individual to the next. This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 00:35. Aesthetics and design dont adhere to strict mathematical laws. All rights reserved. It is the earliest written version of that concept in a positive form.[36]. Love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD. He is faithful to the faithful; he is also faithful to the unfaithful: for Virtue is faithful. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesnt clash with the implementation of a more important concept. Jesus declares, "Do to others as you would have them do to you." Theblueline also defines the distance from the upper lip to the bottom of the chin. [103], Charles Kingsley's The Water Babies (1863) includes a character named Mrs Do-As-You-Would-Be-Done-By (and another, Mrs Be-Done-By-As-You-Did). Golden Ratio Top 10 Myths and Misconceptions; Overview of Appearances and Applications of Phi; The Perfect Face, featuring Florence Colgate; Facial Beauty and the "New" Golden Ratio; Google's New Logo Design; The Nautilus shell spiral as a golden spiral; The UN Secretariat Building Design; The Design of the Parthenon The idea behind it is readily graspable: before performing an action which might harm another person, try to imagine yourself in their position, and consider whether you would want to be the recipient of that action. This is echoed in the modern preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Second, even though the Golden Rule addresses human interpersonal relationships, its message is additionally theological. Rabbi Akiva agreed, while Simeon ben Azzai suggested that the principle of love must have its foundation in Genesis chapter 1, which teaches that all men are the offspring of Adam, who was made in the image of God. [90], Philosophers, such as Immanuel Kant[91] and Friedrich Nietzsche,[92] have objected to the rule on a variety of grounds. The golden rule is an important philosophical principle, which has been formulated in various ways by many different groups throughout history, and which can be used to guide your actions in a variety of situations. Upload images to make storyboards and slideshows. [41], The "Golden Rule" was proclaimed by Jesus of Nazareth[42] during his Sermon on the Mount and described by him as the second great commandment. Similarly, the golden rule has also been featured in various formulations by many different religions: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. (Christianity), That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. The sage has no interest of his own, but takes the interests of the people as his own. It occurs in many places and in many forms throughout the Tripitaka. Their tastes may be not be the same.. For example, if someone is convicted of a crime and sentenced to prison, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be imprisoned ourselves. Hopefully this article has given you enough context to understand what is and what is not. I am the Lord your God.".[45]. For example, this problem could lead someone to make an overt romantic gesture toward someone that isnt interested in it, simply because the person making the gesture wishes that someone would do the same for them. Using the Golden Ratio, you split the picture into three unequal sections then use the lines and intersections to compose the picture. , "It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and well and justly, and it is impossible to live wisely and well and justly without living pleasantly." Immanuel Kant famously criticized the golden rule for not being sensitive to differences of situation, noting that a prisoner duly convicted of a crime could appeal to the golden rule while asking the judge to release him, pointing out that the judge would not want anyone else to send him to prison, so he should not do so to others.
Archangel Michael Twin Flame Prayer,
Asr Muzzle Brake Installation,
Articles W
